TransBench: Breaking Barriers for Transferable Graphical User Interface Agents in Dynamic Digital Environments
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously operate on digital interfaces through natural language instructions, hold transformative potential for accessibility, automation, and user experience. A critical aspect of their functionality is grounding - the ability to map linguistic intents to visual and structural interface elements. However, existing GUI agents often struggle to adapt to the dynamic and interconnected nature of real-world digital environments, where tasks frequently span multiple platforms and applications while also being impacted by version updates. To address this, we introduce TransBench, the first benchmark designed to systematically evaluate and enhance the transferability of GUI agents across three key dimensions: cross-version transferability (adapting to version updates), cross-platform transferability (generalizing across platforms like iOS, Android, and Web), and cross-application transferability (handling tasks spanning functionally distinct apps). TransBench includes 15 app categories with diverse functionalities, capturing essential pages across versions and platforms to enable robust evaluation. Our experiments demonstrate significant improvements in grounding accuracy, showcasing the practical utility of GUI agents in dynamic, real-world environments. Our code and data will be publicly available at GitHub.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 31 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2025.
Builds on
31 of 39 references.
Closest ancestors · 10
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey27 Nov
- 2024GUI Agents with Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey7 Nov
- 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
- 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
- 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
- 2024Mobile-Agent-v2: Mobile Device Operation Assistant with Effective Navigation via Multi-Agent Collaboration3 Jun
- 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Web27 Feb
- 2024CoCo-Agent: A Comprehensive Cognitive MLLM Agent for Smartphone GUI Automation19 Feb
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
Other references · 21
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
- 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 274
- 2023Auto-GPT for Online Decision Making: Benchmarks and Additional Opinionscited by 255
- 2024OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agentcited by 198
- 2024GUIOdyssey: A Comprehensive Dataset for Cross-App GUI Navigation on Mobile Devicescited by 194
- 2020Mapping Natural Language Instructions to Mobile UI Action Sequencescited by 181
- 2024Aria-UI: Visual Grounding for GUI Instructionscited by 140
- 2024Aria: An Open Multimodal Native Mixture-of-Experts Modelcited by 138
- 2023MobileVLM : A Fast, Strong and Open Vision Language Assistant for Mobile Devicescited by 122
- 2020Towards Conversational Recommendation over Multi-Type Dialogscited by 107
9 more
- 2024VisualAgentBench: Towards Large Multimodal Models as Visual Foundation Agentscited by 103
- 2024ScreenAI: A Vision-Language Model for UI and Infographics Understandingcited by 98
- 2021UIBert: Learning Generic Multimodal Representations for UI Understandingcited by 95
- 2024Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarioscited by 86
- 2022A Dataset for Interactive Vision-Language Navigation with Unknown Command Feasibilitycited by 61
- 2024MobileVLM: A Vision-Language Model for Better Intra- and Inter-UI Understandingcited by 48
- 2023MidMed: Towards Mixed-Type Dialogues for Medical Consultationcited by 13
- 2024E-ANT: A Large-Scale Dataset for Efficient Automatic GUI NavigaTioncited by 11
- 2024AUITestAgent: Automatic Requirements Oriented GUI Function Testingcited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 7.
8 papers.
- 2025PRIM: Towards Practical In-Image Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 7
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agentcited by 5
- 2026DocOS: Towards Proactive Document-Guided Actions in GUI Agentscited by 1
- 2026CAP: A Scalable Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-Site Browser Agents with Complex Actions and Perceptioncited by 1
- 2026Trifuse: Enhancing Attention-Based GUI Grounding via Multimodal Fusioncited by 0
- 2026JarvisGUI: Towards Cross-Device GUI Agents with Dynamic Task Compositioncited by 0
- 2026Same Tasks, Different Apps: Why Mobile GUI Agents Fail to Generalize?cited by 0
- 2026Learning Reliable GUI Agents under Imperfect Priorscited by 0
- 2026Learning Reliable GUI Agents under Imperfect Priors30 Sep 2026
- 2026Same Tasks, Different Apps: Why Mobile GUI Agents Fail to Generalize?28 Sep 2026
- 2026JarvisGUI: Towards Cross-Device GUI Agents with Dynamic Task Composition9 Sep 2026
- 2026CAP: A Scalable Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-Site Browser Agents with Complex Actions and Perception9 Aug 2026
- 2026DocOS: Towards Proactive Document-Guided Actions in GUI Agents18 May 2026
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agent31 Mar 2026
- 2026Trifuse: Enhancing Attention-Based GUI Grounding via Multimodal Fusion6 Feb 2026
- 2025PRIM: Towards Practical In-Image Multilingual Machine Translation5 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024GUI Agents: A Survey
- 2025Computer-Use Agents as Judges for Generative User Interface
- 2025GUIrilla: A Scalable Framework for Automated Desktop UI Exploration
- 2026APPSim-Bench: Bridging Real-world Apps and Reproducible Evaluation for Mobile GUI Agents
- 2026MobileBench-OL: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Evaluating Mobile GUI Agents in Real-World Environment
- 2025UI-Vision: A Desktop-centric GUI Benchmark for Visual Perception and Interaction
- 2026AppDeltaWorld: Transition-Grounded Delta Code World Model for Mobile GUI Agents
- 2025API Agents vs. GUI Agents: Divergence and Convergence