Scaling Rich Style-Prompted Text-to-Speech Datasets
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Paralinguistic Speech Captions (ParaSpeechCaps), a large-scale dataset that annotates speech utterances with rich style captions. While rich abstract tags (e.g. guttural, nasal, pained) have been explored in small-scale human-annotated datasets, existing large-scale datasets only cover basic tags (e.g. low-pitched, slow, loud). We combine off-the-shelf text and speech embedders, classifiers and an audio language model to automatically scale rich tag annotations for the first time. ParaSpeechCaps covers a total of 59 style tags, including both speaker-level intrinsic tags and utterance-level situational tags. It consists of 342 hours of human-labelled data (PSC-Base) and 2427 hours of automatically annotated data (PSC-Scaled). We finetune Parler-TTS, an open-source style-prompted TTS model, on ParaSpeechCaps, and achieve improved style consistency (+7.9% Consistency MOS) and speech quality (+15.5% Naturalness MOS) over the best performing baseline that combines existing rich style tag datasets. We ablate several of our dataset design choices to lay the foundation for future work in this space. Our dataset, models and code are released at https://github.com/ajd12342/paraspeechcaps .
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Mar 2025.
Builds on
32 of 65 references.
References · 32
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,609
- 2020MLS: A Large-Scale Multilingual Dataset for Speech Researchcited by 467
- 2023High-Fidelity Audio Compression with Improved RVQGANcited by 423
- 2024Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generationcited by 200
- 2023emotion2vec: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Speech Emotion Representationcited by 196
- 2022Dawn of the transformer era in speech emotion recognition: closing the valence gapcited by 155
- 2023Audiobox: Unified Audio Generation with Natural Language Promptscited by 120
- 2024VoiceCraft: Zero-Shot Speech Editing and Text-to-Speech in the Wildcited by 118
- 2023LibriTTS-R: A Restored Multi-Speaker Text-to-Speech Corpuscited by 100
- 2023EXPRESSO: A Benchmark and Analysis of Discrete Expressive Speech Resynthesiscited by 93
20 more
- 2023InstructTTS: Modelling Expressive TTS in Discrete Latent Space with Natural Language Style Promptcited by 90
- 2023Distil-Whisper: Robust Knowledge Distillation via Large-Scale Pseudo Labellingcited by 87
- 2024Natural language guidance of high-fidelity text-to-speech with synthetic annotationscited by 66
- 2024EARS: An Anechoic Fullband Speech Dataset Benchmarked for Speech Enhancement and Dereverberationcited by 62
- 2021VoiceFixer: Toward General Speech Restoration with Neural Vocodercited by 50
- 2023TextrolSpeech: A Text Style Control Speech Corpus With Codec Language Text-to-Speech Modelscited by 48
- 2023PromptTTS 2: Describing and Generating Voices with Text Promptcited by 47
- 2024VALL-E R: Robust and Efficient Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Synthesis via Monotonic Alignmentcited by 37
- 2023PromptStyle: Controllable Style Transfer for Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Descriptionscited by 33
- 2022Brouhaha: multi-task training for voice activity detection, speech-to-noise ratio, and C50 room acoustics estimationcited by 20
- 2024SpeechCraft: A Fine-grained Expressive Speech Dataset with Natural Language Descriptioncited by 20
- 2023Cross-domain Neural Pitch and Periodicity Estimationcited by 16
- 2024LibriTTS-P: A Corpus with Speaking Style and Speaker Identity Prompts for Text-to-Speech and Style Captioningcited by 15
- 2023Speech-based Age and Gender Prediction with Transformerscited by 14
- 2024EmoKnob: Enhance Voice Cloning with Fine-Grained Emotion Controlcited by 13
- 2023MM-TTS: Multi-modal Prompt based Style Transfer for Expressive Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 12
- 2024VoxSim: A perceptual voice similarity datasetcited by 10
- 2024Voice Attribute Editing with Text Promptcited by 9
- 2023Coco-Nut: Corpus of Japanese Utterance and Voice Characteristics Description for Prompt-based Controlcited by 7
- 2024Description-based Controllable Text-to-Speech with Cross-Lingual Voice Controlcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 9.
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- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Modelscited by 22
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systemscited by 14
- 2025NonverbalTTS: A Public English Corpus of Text-Aligned Nonverbal Vocalizations with Emotion Annotations for Text-to-Speechcited by 14
- 2025CapSpeech: Enabling Downstream Applications in Style-Captioned Text-to-Speechcited by 11
- 2025Voxlect: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Modeling Dialects and Regional Languages Around the Globecited by 5
- 2025Vevo2: A Unified and Controllable Framework for Speech and Singing Voice Generationcited by 5
- 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captionscited by 4
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representationcited by 3
- 2025MoE-TTS: Enhancing Out-of-Domain Text Understanding for Description-based TTS via Mixture-of-Expertscited by 2
- 2026DIFFA-2: A Practical Diffusion Large Language Model for General Audio Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLMcited by 2
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understandingcited by 2
5 more
- 2025VoxGuard: Evaluating User and Attribute Privacy in Speech via Membership Inference Attackscited by 1
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methodscited by 1
- 2026ParaSpeechCLAP: A Dual-Encoder Speech-Text Model for Rich Stylistic Language-Audio Pretrainingcited by 1
- 2026VoiceDesigner: Text-to-Voice Generation and Editing via Unified Diffusion Modeling and Data Augmentationcited by 1
- 2026ParA-LLM: A Unified Approach to Paralinguistic and Acoustic Speech Understandingcited by 0
- 2026ParA-LLM: A Unified Approach to Paralinguistic and Acoustic Speech Understanding19 Sep 2026
- 2026VoiceDesigner: Text-to-Voice Generation and Editing via Unified Diffusion Modeling and Data Augmentation12 Aug 2026
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understanding28 May 2026
- 2026Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLM7 May 2026
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2026ParaSpeechCLAP: A Dual-Encoder Speech-Text Model for Rich Stylistic Language-Audio Pretraining30 Mar 2026
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methods26 Mar 2026
- 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captions5 Feb 2026
- 2026DIFFA-2: A Practical Diffusion Large Language Model for General Audio Understanding30 Jan 2026
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation20 Nov 2025
- 2025VoxGuard: Evaluating User and Attribute Privacy in Speech via Membership Inference Attacks22 Sep 2025
- 2025Vevo2: A Unified and Controllable Framework for Speech and Singing Voice Generation22 Aug 2025
5 more
- 2025MoE-TTS: Enhancing Out-of-Domain Text Understanding for Description-based TTS via Mixture-of-Experts15 Aug 2025
- 2025Voxlect: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Modeling Dialects and Regional Languages Around the Globe3 Aug 2025
- 2025NonverbalTTS: A Public English Corpus of Text-Aligned Nonverbal Vocalizations with Emotion Annotations for Text-to-Speech17 Jul 2025
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systems19 Jun 2025
- 2025CapSpeech: Enabling Downstream Applications in Style-Captioned Text-to-Speech3 Jun 2025
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systemscited by 14
- 2025NonverbalTTS: A Public English Corpus of Text-Aligned Nonverbal Vocalizations with Emotion Annotations for Text-to-Speechcited by 14
- 2025CapSpeech: Enabling Downstream Applications in Style-Captioned Text-to-Speechcited by 11
- 2025Voxlect: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Modeling Dialects and Regional Languages Around the Globecited by 5
- 2025Vevo2: A Unified and Controllable Framework for Speech and Singing Voice Generationcited by 5
- 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captionscited by 4
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representationcited by 3
- 2026DIFFA-2: A Practical Diffusion Large Language Model for General Audio Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLMcited by 2
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methodscited by 1
- 2026ParaSpeechCLAP: A Dual-Encoder Speech-Text Model for Rich Stylistic Language-Audio Pretrainingcited by 1
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026ParA-LLM: A Unified Approach to Paralinguistic and Acoustic Speech Understanding19 Sep 2026
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understanding28 May 2026
- 2026Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLM7 May 2026
- 2026ParaSpeechCLAP: A Dual-Encoder Speech-Text Model for Rich Stylistic Language-Audio Pretraining30 Mar 2026
- 2026Unlocking Strong Supervision: A Data-Centric Study of General-Purpose Audio Pre-Training Methods26 Mar 2026
- 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captions5 Feb 2026
- 2026DIFFA-2: A Practical Diffusion Large Language Model for General Audio Understanding30 Jan 2026
- 2025Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation20 Nov 2025
- 2025Vevo2: A Unified and Controllable Framework for Speech and Singing Voice Generation22 Aug 2025
- 2025Voxlect: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Modeling Dialects and Regional Languages Around the Globe3 Aug 2025
- 2025NonverbalTTS: A Public English Corpus of Text-Aligned Nonverbal Vocalizations with Emotion Annotations for Text-to-Speech17 Jul 2025
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systems19 Jun 2025
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)