Multi-Stage Manipulation with Demonstration-Augmented Reward, Policy, and World Model Learning
On the map: World models → Embodied and robot world models
Abstract (arXiv)
Long-horizon tasks in robotic manipulation present significant challenges in reinforcement learning (RL) due to the difficulty of designing dense reward functions and effectively exploring the expansive state-action space. However, despite a lack of dense rewards, these tasks often have a multi-stage structure, which can be leveraged to decompose the overall objective into manageable subgoals. In this work, we propose DEMO3, a framework that exploits this structure for efficient learning from visual inputs. Specifically, our approach incorporates multi-stage dense reward learning, a bi-phasic training scheme, and world model learning into a carefully designed demonstration-augmented RL framework that strongly mitigates the challenge of exploration in long-horizon tasks. Our evaluations demonstrate that our method improves data-efficiency by an average of 40% and by 70% on particularly difficult tasks compared to state-of-the-art approaches. We validate this across 16 sparse-reward tasks spanning four domains, including challenging humanoid visual control tasks using as few as five demonstrations.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and robot world models, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 39 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2025.
Builds on
39 of 58 references.
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Other references · 38
- 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,653
- 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,597
- 2018World Modelscited by 1,513
- 2019Mastering Atari, Go, Chess and Shogi by Planning with a Learned Modelcited by 1,353
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,204
- 2017Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrationscited by 715
- 2020MOReL : Model-Based Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 590
- 2023Eureka: Human-Level Reward Design via Coding Large Language Modelscited by 571
- 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 511
- 2017Learning Robust Rewards with Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 490
- 2022Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Controlcited by 397
- 2023Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datacited by 363
26 more
- 2017Overcoming Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrationscited by 340
- 2023Reward Design with Language Modelscited by 261
- 2017One-Shot Imitation Learningcited by 233
- 2021MT-Opt: Continuous Multi-Task Robotic Reinforcement Learning at Scalecited by 229
- 2023Vision-Language Models are Zero-Shot Reward Models for Reinforcement Learningcited by 165
- 2023Text2Reward: Reward Shaping with Language Models for Reinforcement Learningcited by 160
- 2022The Unsurprising Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Vision Models for Controlcited by 155
- 2023Vision-Language Models as Success Detectorscited by 142
- 2015Model Predictive Path Integral Control using Covariance Variable Importance Samplingcited by 124
- 2019End-to-End Robotic Reinforcement Learning without Reward Engineeringcited by 122
- 2021XIRL: Cross-embodiment Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 107
- 2019AVID: Learning Multi-Stage Tasks via Pixel-Level Translation of Human Videoscited by 105
- 2018Playing hard exploration games by watching YouTubecited by 99
- 2022Adversarial Motion Priors Make Good Substitutes for Complex Reward Functionscited by 89
- 2019Keeping Your Distance: Solving Sparse Reward Tasks Using Self-Balancing Shaped Rewardscited by 78
- 2020Offline Learning from Demonstrations and Unlabeled Experiencecited by 72
- 2022MoDem: Accelerating Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrationscited by 62
- 2022Graph Inverse Reinforcement Learning from Diverse Videoscited by 46
- 2021Self-Supervised Online Reward Shaping in Sparse-Reward Environmentscited by 37
- 2018A Practical Approach to Insertion with Variable Socket Position Using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
- 2018Few-Shot Goal Inference for Visuomotor Learning and Planningcited by 30
- 2020Learning Visual Robotic Control Efficiently with Contrastive Pre-training and Data Augmentationcited by 21
- 2021Learning Multi-Stage Tasks with One Demonstration via Self-Replaycited by 21
- 2020Learning Dense Rewards for Contact-Rich Manipulation Taskscited by 19
- 2018SOLAR: Deep Structured Representations for Model-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
- 2024DrS: Learning Reusable Dense Rewards for Multi-Stage Taskscited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 9.
11 papers.
- 2025STARE-VLA: Progressive Stage-Aware Reinforcement for Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 24
- 2025Continual Learning for Generative AI: From LLMs to MLLMs and Beyondcited by 12
- 2026From Instruction to Event: Sound-Triggered Mobile Manipulationcited by 2
- 2026SLOPE: Optimistic Potential Landscape Shaping for Model-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026Not All Actions Are Equal: Rethinking Conditioning for Dexterous World Modelcited by 1
- 2026Stage-Transition Dense Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026SUN: Agentic Robot Policy Learning with Persistent Task Programscited by 1
- 2026A GPU-Parallel Framework for Heterogeneous Multi-Task Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Grasp-Then-Plan with Failure Attribution: A Closed Two-Stage Framework for Precise and Generalizable Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026Where Success Breaks: Failure-Boundary Learning for Robust Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026Demonstration-Free Success-Probability Reward Learning for Generalist Robot Policiescited by 0
- 2026Demonstration-Free Success-Probability Reward Learning for Generalist Robot Policies27 Sep 2026
- 2026Where Success Breaks: Failure-Boundary Learning for Robust Vision-Language-Action Models5 Sep 2026
- 2026SUN: Agentic Robot Policy Learning with Persistent Task Programs31 Aug 2026
- 2026Stage-Transition Dense Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning30 Jun 2026
- 2026Not All Actions Are Equal: Rethinking Conditioning for Dexterous World Model25 Jun 2026
- 2026Grasp-Then-Plan with Failure Attribution: A Closed Two-Stage Framework for Precise and Generalizable Robotic Manipulation2 Jun 2026
- 2026A GPU-Parallel Framework for Heterogeneous Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning2 Jun 2026
- 2026SLOPE: Optimistic Potential Landscape Shaping for Model-based Reinforcement Learning3 Feb 2026
- 2026From Instruction to Event: Sound-Triggered Mobile Manipulation29 Jan 2026
- 2025STARE-VLA: Progressive Stage-Aware Reinforcement for Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models4 Dec 2025
- 2025Continual Learning for Generative AI: From LLMs to MLLMs and Beyond16 Jun 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026SARM2: Multi-Task Stage Aware Reward Modeling for Self Improving Robotic Manipulation
- 2026Large Reward Models: Generalizable Online Robot Reward Generation with Vision-Language Models
- 2025RoboHorizon: An LLM-Assisted Multi-View World Model for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation
- 2021Bottom-Up Skill Discovery from Unsegmented Demonstrations for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation
- 2026MARVL: Multi-Stage Guidance for Robotic Manipulation via Vision-Language Models
- 2025Actor-Critic for Continuous Action Chunks: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation with Sparse Reward
- 2025SARM: Stage-Aware Reward Modeling for Long Horizon Robot Manipulation
- 2024Reward Machine Inference for Robotic Manipulation