Towards Effective Extraction and Evaluation of Factual Claims
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Abstract (arXiv)
A common strategy for fact-checking long-form content generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) is extracting simple claims that can be verified independently. Since inaccurate or incomplete claims compromise fact-checking results, ensuring claim quality is critical. However, the lack of a standardized evaluation framework impedes assessment and comparison of claim extraction methods. To address this gap, we propose a framework for evaluating claim extraction in the context of fact-checking along with automated, scalable, and replicable methods for applying this framework, including novel approaches for measuring coverage and decontextualization. We also introduce Claimify, an LLM-based claim extraction method, and demonstrate that it outperforms existing methods under our evaluation framework. A key feature of Claimify is its ability to handle ambiguity and extract claims only when there is high confidence in the correct interpretation of the source text.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Feb 2025.
Builds on
29 of 59 references.
References · 29
- 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,259
- 2019Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understandingcited by 798
- 2020AmbigQA: Answering Ambiguous Open-domain Questionscited by 385
- 2021Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Modelscited by 253
- 2024MiniCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of LLMs on Grounding Documentscited by 251
- 2023FacTool: Factuality Detection in Generative AI -- A Tool Augmented Framework for Multi-Task and Multi-Domain Scenarioscited by 247
- 2020Evaluating Factuality in Generation with Dependency-level Entailmentcited by 122
- 2023WiCE: Real-World Entailment for Claims in Wikipediacited by 118
- 2024VERISCORE: Evaluating the factuality of verifiable claims in long-form text generationcited by 114
- 2019Assessing The Factual Accuracy of Generated Textcited by 103
- 2021Decontextualization: Making Sentences Stand-Alonecited by 101
- 2023Factcheck-Bench: Fine-Grained Evaluation Benchmark for Automatic Fact-checkerscited by 86
17 more
- 2020Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic: Modeling the Perspective of Journalists, Fact-Checkers, Social Media Platforms, Policy Makers, and the Societycited by 72
- 2022Generating Literal and Implied Subquestions to Fact-check Complex Claimscited by 66
- 2022Generating Scientific Claims for Zero-Shot Scientific Fact Checkingcited by 59
- 2018Towards Automated Factchecking: Developing an Annotation Schema and Benchmark for Consistent Automated Claim Detectioncited by 55
- 2020Generating Fact Checking Briefscited by 50
- 2024Molecular Facts: Desiderata for Decontextualization in LLM Fact Verificationcited by 42
- 2024A Closer Look at Claim Decompositioncited by 40
- 2021AmbiFC: Fact-Checking Ambiguous Claims with Evidencecited by 38
- 2024Decomposition Dilemmas: Does Claim Decomposition Boost or Burden Fact-Checking Performance?cited by 34
- 2017What is the Essence of a Claim? Cross-Domain Claim Identificationcited by 31
- 2022PropSegmEnt: A Large-Scale Corpus for Proposition-Level Segmentation and Entailment Recognitioncited by 29
- 2024AFaCTA: Assisting the Annotation of Factual Claim Detection with Reliable LLM Annotatorscited by 28
- 2020A Benchmark Dataset of Check-worthy Factual Claimscited by 27
- 2024DnDScore: Decontextualization and Decomposition for Factuality Verification in Long-Form Text Generationcited by 22
- 2022Honest Students from Untrusted Teachers: Learning an Interpretable Question-Answering Pipeline from a Pretrained Language Modelcited by 20
- 2024Claim Check-Worthiness Detection: How Well do LLMs Grasp Annotation Guidelines?cited by 9
- 2023We are what we repeatedly do: Inducing and deploying habitual schemas in persona-based responsescited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 10.
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- 2025Demo: Healthcare Agent Orchestrator (HAO) for Patient Summarization in Molecular Tumor Boardscited by 5
- 2025VeriTrail: Closed-Domain Hallucination Detection with Traceabilitycited by 3
- 2025Knowledge-Level Consistency Reinforcement Learning: Dual-Fact Alignment for Long-Form Factualitycited by 3
- 2025SemanticCite: Citation Verification with AI-Powered Full-Text Analysis and Evidence-Based Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026Fine-grained Claim-level RAG Benchmark for Lawcited by 2
- 2025Learning from Self Critique and Refinement for Faithful LLM Summarizationcited by 1
- 2026Measuring Google AI Overviews: Activation, Source Quality, Claim Fidelity, and Publisher Impactcited by 1
- 2026The Deliberative Illusion: Diagnosing Factual Attrition and Stance Homogenization in Multi-Agent LLM Deliberationcited by 1
- 2025HiFACTMix: A Code-Mixed Benchmark and Graph-Aware Model for EvidenceBased Political Claim Verification in Hinglishcited by 0
- 2025UNH at CheckThat! 2025: Fine-tuning Vs Prompting in Claim Extractioncited by 0
- 2025Evaluating Metrics for Safety with LLM-as-Judgescited by 0
- 2026The Chronicles of RiDiC: Generating Datasets with Controlled Popularity Distribution for Long-form Factuality Evaluationcited by 0
6 more
- 2026From Binary Groundedness to Support Relations: Towards a Reader-Centred Taxonomy for Comprehension of AI Outputcited by 0
- 2026FT-RAG: A Fine-grained Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Complex Table Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026PromptPET: Privacy-Utility Optimized Prompt Obfuscationcited by 0
- 2026ElementCheck: Complexity-Aware Long-Form Text Factuality Evaluation via Sentence Elementscited by 0
- 2026Peerify: Benchmarking Peer-Review Claim Verificationcited by 0
- 2026When Citations Mislead? A Claim-Level Benchmark for Legal Hallucination Detectioncited by 0
- 2026When Citations Mislead? A Claim-Level Benchmark for Legal Hallucination Detection7 Oct 2026
- 2026Peerify: Benchmarking Peer-Review Claim Verification2 Sep 2026
- 2026PromptPET: Privacy-Utility Optimized Prompt Obfuscation3 Jul 2026
- 2026ElementCheck: Complexity-Aware Long-Form Text Factuality Evaluation via Sentence Elements17 Jun 2026
- 2026The Deliberative Illusion: Diagnosing Factual Attrition and Stance Homogenization in Multi-Agent LLM Deliberation2 Jun 2026
- 2026Fine-grained Claim-level RAG Benchmark for Law20 May 2026
- 2026Measuring Google AI Overviews: Activation, Source Quality, Claim Fidelity, and Publisher Impact13 May 2026
- 2026FT-RAG: A Fine-grained Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Complex Table Reasoning2 May 2026
- 2026From Binary Groundedness to Support Relations: Towards a Reader-Centred Taxonomy for Comprehension of AI Output9 Apr 2026
- 2026The Chronicles of RiDiC: Generating Datasets with Controlled Popularity Distribution for Long-form Factuality Evaluation11 Mar 2026
- 2025Evaluating Metrics for Safety with LLM-as-Judges17 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning from Self Critique and Refinement for Faithful LLM Summarization5 Dec 2025
6 more
- 2025SemanticCite: Citation Verification with AI-Powered Full-Text Analysis and Evidence-Based Reasoning20 Nov 2025
- 2025Knowledge-Level Consistency Reinforcement Learning: Dual-Fact Alignment for Long-Form Factuality28 Sep 2025
- 2025UNH at CheckThat! 2025: Fine-tuning Vs Prompting in Claim Extraction8 Sep 2025
- 2025Demo: Healthcare Agent Orchestrator (HAO) for Patient Summarization in Molecular Tumor Boards8 Sep 2025
- 2025HiFACTMix: A Code-Mixed Benchmark and Graph-Aware Model for EvidenceBased Political Claim Verification in Hinglish4 Aug 2025
- 2025VeriTrail: Closed-Domain Hallucination Detection with Traceability27 May 2025
- 2025VeriTrail: Closed-Domain Hallucination Detection with Traceabilitycited by 3
- 2025Learning from Self Critique and Refinement for Faithful LLM Summarizationcited by 1
- 2026Measuring Google AI Overviews: Activation, Source Quality, Claim Fidelity, and Publisher Impactcited by 1
- 2025HiFACTMix: A Code-Mixed Benchmark and Graph-Aware Model for EvidenceBased Political Claim Verification in Hinglishcited by 0
- 2025UNH at CheckThat! 2025: Fine-tuning Vs Prompting in Claim Extractioncited by 0
- 2025Evaluating Metrics for Safety with LLM-as-Judgescited by 0
- 2026The Chronicles of RiDiC: Generating Datasets with Controlled Popularity Distribution for Long-form Factuality Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026PromptPET: Privacy-Utility Optimized Prompt Obfuscationcited by 0
- 2026ElementCheck: Complexity-Aware Long-Form Text Factuality Evaluation via Sentence Elementscited by 0
- 2026Peerify: Benchmarking Peer-Review Claim Verificationcited by 0
- 2026When Citations Mislead? A Claim-Level Benchmark for Legal Hallucination Detectioncited by 0
- 2026When Citations Mislead? A Claim-Level Benchmark for Legal Hallucination Detection7 Oct 2026
- 2026Peerify: Benchmarking Peer-Review Claim Verification2 Sep 2026
- 2026PromptPET: Privacy-Utility Optimized Prompt Obfuscation3 Jul 2026
- 2026ElementCheck: Complexity-Aware Long-Form Text Factuality Evaluation via Sentence Elements17 Jun 2026
- 2026Measuring Google AI Overviews: Activation, Source Quality, Claim Fidelity, and Publisher Impact13 May 2026
- 2026The Chronicles of RiDiC: Generating Datasets with Controlled Popularity Distribution for Long-form Factuality Evaluation11 Mar 2026
- 2025Evaluating Metrics for Safety with LLM-as-Judges17 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning from Self Critique and Refinement for Faithful LLM Summarization5 Dec 2025
- 2025UNH at CheckThat! 2025: Fine-tuning Vs Prompting in Claim Extraction8 Sep 2025
- 2025HiFACTMix: A Code-Mixed Benchmark and Graph-Aware Model for EvidenceBased Political Claim Verification in Hinglish4 Aug 2025
- 2025VeriTrail: Closed-Domain Hallucination Detection with Traceability27 May 2025