mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Generating Fact Checking Briefs

arXiv 2011.05448 ↗First posted 10 Nov 2020cs.CLcited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

Fact checking at scale is difficult -- while the number of active fact checking websites is growing, it remains too small for the needs of the contemporary media ecosystem. However, despite good intentions, contributions from volunteers are often error-prone, and thus in practice restricted to claim detection. We investigate how to increase the accuracy and efficiency of fact checking by providing information about the claim before performing the check, in the form of natural language briefs. We investigate passage-based briefs, containing a relevant passage from Wikipedia, entity-centric ones consisting of Wikipedia pages of mentioned entities, and Question-Answering Briefs, with questions decomposing the claim, and their answers. To produce QABriefs, we develop QABriefer, a model that generates a set of questions conditioned on the claim, searches the web for evidence, and generates answers. To train its components, we introduce QABriefDataset which we collected via crowdsourcing. We show that fact checking with briefs -- in particular QABriefs -- increases the accuracy of crowdworkers by 10% while slightly decreasing the time taken. For volunteer (unpaid) fact checkers, QABriefs slightly increase accuracy and reduce the time required by around 20%.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Nov 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 9; 2023: 14; 2024: 12; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,259
  2. 2021A Survey on Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 376
  3. 2022Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluatorscited by 372
  4. 2021Recursively Summarizing Books with Human Feedbackcited by 287
  5. 2022RARR: Researching and Revising What Language Models Say, Using Language Modelscited by 286
  6. 2021Get Your Vitamin C! Robust Fact Verification with Contrastive Evidencecited by 222
  7. 2021Internet-Augmented Dialogue Generationcited by 217
  8. 2021Automated Fact-Checking for Assisting Human Fact-Checkerscited by 144
  9. 2023AVeriTeC: A Dataset for Real-world Claim Verification with Evidence from the Webcited by 144
  10. 2022Internet-augmented language models through few-shot prompting for open-domain question answeringcited by 131
  11. 2023Complex Claim Verification with Evidence Retrieved in the Wildcited by 110
  12. 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Modelscited by 105
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  1. 2023Towards LLM-based Fact Verification on News Claims with a Hierarchical Step-by-Step Prompting Methodcited by 97
  2. 2023LongEval: Guidelines for Human Evaluation of Faithfulness in Long-form Summarizationcited by 96
  3. 2023Factcheck-Bench: Fine-Grained Evaluation Benchmark for Automatic Fact-checkerscited by 86
  4. 2022Generating Literal and Implied Subquestions to Fact-check Complex Claimscited by 66
  5. 2021ProoFVer: Natural Logic Theorem Proving for Fact Verificationcited by 52
  6. 2023Large Language Models Help Humans Verify Truthfulness -- Except When They Are Convincingly Wrongcited by 51
  7. 2024Decomposition Dilemmas: Does Claim Decomposition Boost or Burden Fact-Checking Performance?cited by 34
  8. 2022Varifocal Question Generation for Fact-checkingcited by 27
  9. 2023Fin-Fact: A Benchmark Dataset for Multimodal Financial Fact Checking and Explanation Generationcited by 25
  10. 2023The Intended Uses of Automated Fact-Checking Artefacts: Why, How and Whocited by 19
  11. 2025Towards Effective Extraction and Evaluation of Factual Claimscited by 18
  12. 2024Can LLMs Improve Multimodal Fact-Checking by Asking Relevant Questions?cited by 17
  13. 2021Explainable Fact-checking through Question Answeringcited by 16
  14. 2022Crowdsourced Fact-Checking at Twitter: How Does the Crowd Compare With Experts?cited by 16
  15. 2024Reinforcement Retrieval Leveraging Fine-grained Feedback for Fact Checking News Claims with Black-Box LLMcited by 14
  16. 2024TELLER: A Trustworthy Framework for Explainable, Generalizable and Controllable Fake News Detectioncited by 10
  17. 2023Human-centered NLP Fact-checking: Co-Designing with Fact-checkers using Matchmaking for AIcited by 9
  18. 2024A Reality Check on Context Utilisation for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 9
  19. 2021Extractive and Abstractive Explanations for Fact-Checking and Evaluation of Newscited by 8
  20. 2023QA-NatVer: Question Answering for Natural Logic-based Fact Verificationcited by 8
  21. 2024Re-Ex: Revising after Explanation Reduces the Factual Errors in LLM Responsescited by 6
  22. 2024Contrastive Learning to Improve Retrieval for Real-world Fact Checkingcited by 6
  23. 2022Harnessing Abstractive Summarization for Fact-Checked Claim Detectioncited by 5
  24. 2023Pipeline and Dataset Generation for Automated Fact-checking in Almost Any Languagecited by 4
  25. 2023INO at Factify 2: Structure Coherence based Multi-Modal Fact Verificationcited by 3
  26. 2024TabVer: Tabular Fact Verification with Natural Logiccited by 3
  27. 2025DxHF: Providing High-Quality Human Feedback for LLM Alignment via Interactive Decompositioncited by 3
  28. 2021Generative Context Pair Selection for Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 2
  29. 2024QuestGen: Effectiveness of Question Generation Methods for Fact-Checking Applicationscited by 2
  30. 2024Learning to Generate and Evaluate Fact-checking Explanations with Transformerscited by 2
  31. 2024Investigating Factuality in Long-Form Text Generation: The Roles of Self-Known and Self-Unknowncited by 2
  32. 2025SUCEA: Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval for Adversarial Fact-checking through Claim Decomposition and Editingcited by 2
  33. 2025A Benchmark for Open-Domain Numerical Fact-Checking Enhanced by Claim Decompositioncited by 2
  34. 2022Policy Compliance Detection via Expression Tree Inferencecited by 1
  35. 2023Automated Query Generation for Evidence Collection from Web Search Enginescited by 1
  36. 2021Few Shot Learning for Information Verificationcited by 0
  37. 2024Fact-checking based fake news detection: a reviewcited by 0
  38. 2026VetScore: Risk-Weighted Fact Verification for Veterinary Long-Form QA with Citationscited by 0