Atla Selene Mini: A General Purpose Evaluation Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Atla Selene Mini, a state-of-the-art small language model-as-a-judge (SLMJ). Selene Mini is a general-purpose evaluator that outperforms the best SLMJs and GPT-4o-mini on overall performance across 11 out-of-distribution benchmarks, spanning absolute scoring, classification, and pairwise preference tasks. It is the highest-scoring 8B generative model on RewardBench, surpassing strong baselines like GPT-4o and specialized judges. To achieve this, we develop a principled data curation strategy that augments public datasets with synthetically generated critiques and ensures high quality through filtering and dataset ablations. We train our model on a combined direct preference optimization (DPO) and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) loss, and produce a highly promptable evaluator that excels in real-world scenarios. Selene Mini shows dramatically improved zero-shot agreement with human expert evaluations on financial and medical industry datasets. It is also robust to variations in prompt format. Preliminary results indicate that Selene Mini is the top-ranking evaluator in a live, community-driven Judge Arena. We release the model weights on HuggingFace (https://hf.co/AtlaAI/Selene-1-Mini-Llama-3.1-8B) and Ollama to encourage widespread community adoption.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 11.
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- 2025Inference-Time Scaling for Generalist Reward Modelingcited by 233
- 2025J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learningcited by 73
- 2025Reward Reasoning Modelcited by 47
- 2025Does Context Matter? ContextualJudgeBench for Evaluating LLM-based Judges in Contextual Settingscited by 22
- 2025The Good, the Bad and the Constructive: Automatically Measuring Peer Review's Utility for Authorscited by 16
- 2025Persistent Personas? Role-Playing, Instruction Following, and Safety in Extended Interactionscited by 12
- 2025Sherlock: Reliable and Efficient Agentic Workflow Executioncited by 10
- 2025InfoQuest: Evaluating Multi-Turn Dialogue Agents for Open-Ended Conversations with Hidden Contextcited by 8
- 2026Toward Robust LLM-Based Judges: Taxonomic Bias Evaluation and Debiasing Optimizationcited by 8
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Surveycited by 7
- 2025Cooper: Co-Optimizing Policy and Reward Models in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025DISCO: Disentangled Communication Steering for Large Language Modelscited by 5
15 more
- 2025Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domainscited by 5
- 2026Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluationcited by 5
- 2025Reference-Free Rating of LLM Responses via Latent Informationcited by 4
- 2025XBreaking: Understanding how LLMs security alignment can be brokencited by 3
- 2026A Finite-Calibration Regime Map for LLM Judge Panelscited by 2
- 2026SecureBreak -- A dataset towards safe and secure modelscited by 1
- 2026Comparing Developer and LLM Biases in Code Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026Stopping and Routing LLM Judge Panelscited by 1
- 2025Model selection meets clinical semantics: Optimizing ICD-10-CM prediction via LLM-as-Judge evaluation, redundancy-aware sampling, and section-aware fine-tuningcited by 0
- 2025Investigating LLM Capabilities on Long Context Comprehension for Medical Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026VERDI: Single-Call Confidence Estimation for Verification-Based LLM Judges via Decomposed Inferencecited by 0
- 2026Decoupled Smart Contract Audits: Lightweight LLM Framework via Distillation and Aggregationcited by 0
- 2026Counsel: A Meta-Evaluation Dataset for Agentic Taskscited by 0
- 2026Reflection or Re-Generation? Why LLM Revision Fails Where Human Revision Succeedscited by 0
- 2026Small Language Models as Judges for Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Small Language Models as Judges for Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning30 Aug 2026
- 2026Stopping and Routing LLM Judge Panels20 Aug 2026
- 2026Reflection or Re-Generation? Why LLM Revision Fails Where Human Revision Succeeds31 Jul 2026
- 2026Counsel: A Meta-Evaluation Dataset for Agentic Tasks19 Jun 2026
- 2026Decoupled Smart Contract Audits: Lightweight LLM Framework via Distillation and Aggregation2 Jun 2026
- 2026A Finite-Calibration Regime Map for LLM Judge Panels31 May 2026
- 2026VERDI: Single-Call Confidence Estimation for Verification-Based LLM Judges via Decomposed Inference11 May 2026
- 2026Comparing Developer and LLM Biases in Code Evaluation25 Mar 2026
- 2026SecureBreak -- A dataset towards safe and secure models23 Mar 2026
- 2026Toward Robust LLM-Based Judges: Taxonomic Bias Evaluation and Debiasing Optimization9 Mar 2026
- 2026Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluation10 Feb 2026
- 2025Persistent Personas? Role-Playing, Instruction Following, and Safety in Extended Interactions14 Dec 2025
15 more
- 2025Sherlock: Reliable and Efficient Agentic Workflow Execution1 Nov 2025
- 2025Investigating LLM Capabilities on Long Context Comprehension for Medical Question Answering21 Oct 2025
- 2025Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domains20 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Survey2 Oct 2025
- 2025Reference-Free Rating of LLM Responses via Latent Information29 Sep 2025
- 2025Model selection meets clinical semantics: Optimizing ICD-10-CM prediction via LLM-as-Judge evaluation, redundancy-aware sampling, and section-aware fine-tuning23 Sep 2025
- 2025DISCO: Disentangled Communication Steering for Large Language Models20 Sep 2025
- 2025The Good, the Bad and the Constructive: Automatically Measuring Peer Review's Utility for Authors31 Aug 2025
- 2025Cooper: Co-Optimizing Policy and Reward Models in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models7 Aug 2025
- 2025Reward Reasoning Model20 May 2025
- 2025J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learning15 May 2025
- 2025XBreaking: Understanding how LLMs security alignment can be broken30 Apr 2025
- 2025Inference-Time Scaling for Generalist Reward Modeling3 Apr 2025
- 2025Does Context Matter? ContextualJudgeBench for Evaluating LLM-based Judges in Contextual Settings19 Mar 2025
- 2025InfoQuest: Evaluating Multi-Turn Dialogue Agents for Open-Ended Conversations with Hidden Context17 Feb 2025
- 2025Inference-Time Scaling for Generalist Reward Modelingcited by 233
- 2025J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learningcited by 73
- 2025Reward Reasoning Modelcited by 47
- 2025Sherlock: Reliable and Efficient Agentic Workflow Executioncited by 10
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Surveycited by 7
- 2025Cooper: Co-Optimizing Policy and Reward Models in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluationcited by 5
- 2026Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluation10 Feb 2026
- 2025Sherlock: Reliable and Efficient Agentic Workflow Execution1 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Survey2 Oct 2025
- 2025Cooper: Co-Optimizing Policy and Reward Models in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models7 Aug 2025
- 2025Reward Reasoning Model20 May 2025
- 2025J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learning15 May 2025
- 2025Inference-Time Scaling for Generalist Reward Modeling3 Apr 2025
- 2026SecureBreak -- A dataset towards safe and secure modelscited by 1
- 2026SecureBreak -- A dataset towards safe and secure models23 Mar 2026
- 2025Does Context Matter? ContextualJudgeBench for Evaluating LLM-based Judges in Contextual Settingscited by 22
- 2025The Good, the Bad and the Constructive: Automatically Measuring Peer Review's Utility for Authorscited by 16
- 2025Persistent Personas? Role-Playing, Instruction Following, and Safety in Extended Interactionscited by 12
- 2025DISCO: Disentangled Communication Steering for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domainscited by 5
- 2025Reference-Free Rating of LLM Responses via Latent Informationcited by 4
- 2025XBreaking: Understanding how LLMs security alignment can be brokencited by 3
- 2026A Finite-Calibration Regime Map for LLM Judge Panelscited by 2
- 2026Comparing Developer and LLM Biases in Code Evaluationcited by 1
- 2025Model selection meets clinical semantics: Optimizing ICD-10-CM prediction via LLM-as-Judge evaluation, redundancy-aware sampling, and section-aware fine-tuningcited by 0
- 2025Investigating LLM Capabilities on Long Context Comprehension for Medical Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026VERDI: Single-Call Confidence Estimation for Verification-Based LLM Judges via Decomposed Inferencecited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Small Language Models as Judges for Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning30 Aug 2026
- 2026Reflection or Re-Generation? Why LLM Revision Fails Where Human Revision Succeeds31 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoupled Smart Contract Audits: Lightweight LLM Framework via Distillation and Aggregation2 Jun 2026
- 2026A Finite-Calibration Regime Map for LLM Judge Panels31 May 2026
- 2026VERDI: Single-Call Confidence Estimation for Verification-Based LLM Judges via Decomposed Inference11 May 2026
- 2026Comparing Developer and LLM Biases in Code Evaluation25 Mar 2026
- 2025Persistent Personas? Role-Playing, Instruction Following, and Safety in Extended Interactions14 Dec 2025
- 2025Investigating LLM Capabilities on Long Context Comprehension for Medical Question Answering21 Oct 2025
- 2025Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domains20 Oct 2025
- 2025Reference-Free Rating of LLM Responses via Latent Information29 Sep 2025
- 2025Model selection meets clinical semantics: Optimizing ICD-10-CM prediction via LLM-as-Judge evaluation, redundancy-aware sampling, and section-aware fine-tuning23 Sep 2025
- 2025DISCO: Disentangled Communication Steering for Large Language Models20 Sep 2025
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
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