mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Stopping and Routing LLM Judge Panels

arXiv 2608.19802 ↗First posted 20 Aug 2026cs.CLcited by 1

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment

Abstract (arXiv)

LLM evaluation pipelines often have many candidate judges: general LLM-as-a-judge prompts, reward models, safety classifiers, confidence variants, and task-specific verifiers. The deployment question is not only which judge is best, but which judges should be called, on which examples, and when panel construction should stop. We formulate judge-panel design as a role-conditioned allocation problem. From a small labeled audit set, declared slices, and judge costs, the method estimates target-relative roles: copies add no conditional information, complements improve the global panel, and specialists help only on slices. These roles induce a policy: drop copies, add complements globally, route specialists conditionally, and stop when validation gain falls below a threshold. Across reasoning, code, safety, preference, reward-model, summarization, and math audits, the method is compared with single judges, flat panels, matched diversity heuristics, full-call stacking, reliability juries, and frugal cascades. The result is a regime map for judge calls: route specialists on deployable slices, stop in saturated verifier regimes, keep broad ensembles when their risk benefit is worth the cost, and ignore conditional copies. The output is a reusable, auditable call plan for the next evaluation batch.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 32 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2026.

Builds on

32 of 49 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Calibrate, Don't Curate: Label-Efficient Estimation from Noisy LLM Judges10 May
  2. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preference7 Mar

Other references · 30

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  3. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  4. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  5. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  6. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  7. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  8. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,860
  9. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
  10. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
  11. 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
  12. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
18 more
  1. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,686
  2. 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,050
  3. 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 865
  4. 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
  5. 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
  6. 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 666
  7. 2024RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Datacited by 633
  8. 2024JailbreakBench: An Open Robustness Benchmark for Jailbreaking Large Language Modelscited by 494
  9. 2024RewardBench: Evaluating Reward Models for Language Modelingcited by 480
  10. 2024Prometheus 2: An Open Source Language Model Specialized in Evaluating Other Language Modelscited by 431
  11. 2023Large Language Models Are State-of-the-Art Evaluators of Translation Qualitycited by 416
  12. 2024Replacing Judges with Juries: Evaluating LLM Generations with a Panel of Diverse Modelscited by 301
  13. 2023Evaluating Large Language Models at Evaluating Instruction Followingcited by 290
  14. 2020Consistent Estimators for Learning to Defer to an Expertcited by 262
  15. 2017Predict Responsibly: Improving Fairness and Accuracy by Learning to Defercited by 228
  16. 2024Trust or Escalate: LLM Judges with Provable Guarantees for Human Agreementcited by 99
  17. 2025Atla Selene Mini: A General Purpose Evaluation Modelcited by 27
  18. 2026Nine Judges, Two Effective Votes: Correlated Errors Undermine LLM Evaluation Panelscited by 21

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

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  3. 2026From Judgment Quality to Downstream Utility: Rethinking LLM-as-a-Judge for Open-Ended Tasks
  4. 2026Autorubric: A Unifying Framework for Rubric-Based LLM Evaluation on Non-Verifiable Tasks
  5. 2026Bias in the Loop: Auditing LLM-as-a-Judge for Software Engineering
  6. 2026Designing Reliable LLM-as-a-Judge Measurement Systems for Multi-Turn Business Agents
  7. 2025Traceability and Accountability in Role-Specialized Multi-Agent LLM Pipelines
  8. 2026Operational Reframing and Approval-Framed Delegation in Multi-Agent LLM Safety