mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Community Forensics: Using Thousands of Generators to Train Fake Image Detectors

arXiv 2411.04125 ↗First posted 6 Nov 2024cs.CVcited by 50

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

One of the key challenges of detecting AI-generated images is spotting images that have been created by previously unseen generative models. We argue that the limited diversity of the training data is a major obstacle to addressing this problem, and we propose a new dataset that is significantly larger and more diverse than prior work. As part of creating this dataset, we systematically download thousands of text-to-image latent diffusion models and sample images from them. We also collect images from dozens of popular open source and commercial models. The resulting dataset contains 2.7M images that have been sampled from 4803 different models. These images collectively capture a wide range of scene content, generator architectures, and image processing settings. Using this dataset, we study the generalization abilities of fake image detectors. Our experiments suggest that detection performance improves as the number of models in the training set increases, even when these models have similar architectures. We also find that detection performance improves as the diversity of the models increases, and that our trained detectors generalize better than those trained on other datasets. The dataset can be found in https://jespark.net/projects/2024/community_forensics

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 95 of its 137 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2024.

Builds on

95 of 137 references.

References · 95

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  4. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
  5. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  6. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  7. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  8. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
  9. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
  10. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,013
  11. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
  12. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
38 more
  1. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
  2. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
  3. 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,693
  4. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,614
  5. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,588
  6. 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,579
  7. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,253
  8. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,988
  9. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,626
  10. 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,385
  11. 2019RandAugment: Practical automated data augmentation with a reduced search spacecited by 2,269
  12. 2020The Many Faces of Robustness: A Critical Analysis of Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 1,850
  13. 2023Consistency Modelscited by 1,822
  14. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,555
  15. 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,355
  16. 2017Enhancing The Reliability of Out-of-distribution Image Detection in Neural Networkscited by 1,328
  17. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,299
  18. 2020Energy-based Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 1,299
  19. 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,186
  20. 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,184
  21. 2022Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningcited by 1,173
  22. 2017Mixed Precision Trainingcited by 1,156
  23. 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,101
  24. 2019StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domainscited by 1,098
  25. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,039
  26. 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 847
  27. 2023Latent Consistency Models: Synthesizing High-Resolution Images with Few-Step Inferencecited by 846
  28. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 774
  29. 2023DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvaturecited by 726
  30. 2019Celeb-DF: A Large-scale Challenging Dataset for DeepFake Forensicscited by 575
  31. 2019Using Self-Supervised Learning Can Improve Model Robustness and Uncertaintycited by 514
  32. 2019Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Modelscited by 513
  33. 2019GLTR: Statistical Detection and Visualization of Generated Textcited by 496
  34. 2022StyleGAN-XL: Scaling StyleGAN to Large Diverse Datasetscited by 492
  35. 2023Scaling up GANs for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 492
  36. 2023Towards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative Modelscited by 490
  37. 2018Learning to See in the Darkcited by 460
  38. 2019Likelihood Ratios for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 453

50 most cited of 95 All 95 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 34.

50 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Methods and Trends in Detecting AI-Generated Images: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 12
  2. 2025Scaling Up AI-Generated Image Detection with Generator-Aware Prototypescited by 9
  3. 2025Towards Explainable Fake Image Detection with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelscited by 8
  4. 2025Rethinking Cross-Generator Image Forgery Detection through DINOv3cited by 8
  5. 2026Fake-HR1: Rethinking Reasoning of Vision Language Model for Synthetic Image Detectioncited by 8
  6. 2026Venus-DeFakerOne: Unified Fake Image Detection & Localizationcited by 8
  7. 2025Few-Shot Synthetic Image Attribution: Identifying Unseen Generators with Limited Samplescited by 6
  8. 2026EvoGuard: An Extensible Agentic RL-based Framework for Practical and Evolving AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 6
  9. 2025So-Fake: Benchmarking and Explaining Social Media Image Forgery Detectioncited by 5
  10. 2025DINO-Detect: A Simple yet Effective Framework for Blur-Robust AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
  11. 2026Pixels Don't Lie (But Your Detector Might): Bootstrapping MLLM-as-a-Judge for Trustworthy Deepfake Detection and Reasoning Supervisioncited by 5
  12. 2026Where Detectors Fail: Probing Generative Space for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
38 more
  1. 2025Fully AI-Generated Image Detection: Definition, Recent Advances and Challengescited by 4
  2. 2025Towards Reliable Identification of Diffusion-based Image Manipulationscited by 4
  3. 2025Locate-Then-Examine: Grounded Region Reasoning Improves Detection of AI-Generated Imagescited by 4
  4. 2025Revisiting Image Manipulation Localization under Realistic Manipulation Scenarioscited by 3
  5. 2026Unveiling Perceptual Artifacts: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Interpretable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 3
  6. 2026Can We Build a Monolithic Model for Fake Image Detection? SICA: Semantic-Induced Constrained Adaptation for Unified-Yet-Discriminative Artifact Feature Space Reconstructioncited by 3
  7. 2026AgentFoX: LLM Agent-Guided Fusion with eXplainability for AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 3
  8. 2026Omni-Fake: Benchmarking Unified Multimodal Social Media Deepfake Detectioncited by 3
  9. 2026Deep Residual Injection for Full-Spectrum Forensic Signal Perception in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 3
  10. 2026Intermediate Representations are Strong AI-Generated Image Detectorscited by 2
  11. 2026Veritas++: Value-aware On-Policy Distillation for Perception-Enhanced AIGI Detectioncited by 2
  12. 2026ChatGPT Images 2.5 on Forgery Tasks: Testing Advertised Improvements Against Known Answerscited by 2
  13. 2025Identifying Prompted Artist Names from Generated Imagescited by 1
  14. 2025Supervised Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot AI-Generated Image Detection and Attributioncited by 1
  15. 2025NeXT-IMDL: Build Benchmark for NeXT-Generation Image Manipulation Detection & Localizationcited by 1
  16. 2026Synthetic Image Detection with CLIP: Understanding and Assessing Predictive Cuescited by 1
  17. 2026Dissect and Prune: Enhancing Robustness in AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 1
  18. 2026AI-generated Images Challenge Visual Trust in High-risk Scenarioscited by 1
  19. 2026SPARED: Reasoning-Based AI-Generated Image Detection via Adversarially Edited Datacited by 1
  20. 2025R2M: Real-Aware Residual Model Merging for Robust and Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
  21. 2025Fixed-Threshold Evaluation of a Hybrid CNN-ViT for AI-Generated Image Detection Across Photos and Artcited by 0
  22. 2026LEGO: LoRA-Enabled Generator-Oriented Framework for Synthetic Image Detectioncited by 0
  23. 2026FiSeR: Fine-Grained Source Representations for Cross-Domain AI Image Detectioncited by 0
  24. 2026Low-Frequency Shortcuts in Texture-Driven Visual Learningcited by 0
  25. 2026CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlationscited by 0
  26. 2026Abductive Corroboration of Probabilistic AI Models for Forensic Synthetic Media Detectioncited by 0
  27. 2026Continuously Evolving Deepfake Detection: An Architecture and Public-Benchmark Evaluation of a Dynamic Detection Systemcited by 0
  28. 2026Foundation Models are Implicit Deepfake Detectorscited by 0
  29. 2026Scalable Black-Box Model Attribution for Imagescited by 0
  30. 2026Prior-Conditioned Gaussian Discriminants for Generalizable AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 0
  31. 2026FACT: A Forensic Agent with Compiled Tool-Use Trajectories for AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 0
  32. 2026ChatGPT Images 2.5 in the Wild: A Launch-Period Dataset and Detector Evaluationcited by 0
  33. 2026Dissecting Agentic Forensics: The Role of Triage, Prompting, and Evidence Arbitration in Open-World Fake Image Detectioncited by 0
  34. 2026Benchmarking Neural Defend ARCAS 1B: A Foundational Multimodal Deepfake Detection Modelcited by 0
  35. 2026FARE: Forensic Acceptance Region Estimation for Catching Bait-and-Switch Image Generatorscited by 0
  36. 2026Can Pixels Alone Reveal Image Origin? Minimax Limits and Learnable Interfaces for Passive Provenancecited by 0
  37. 2026REALIS: A Curated Dataset for Studying the Challenges of AI Image Detectioncited by 0
  38. 2026Trustworthy synthetic visual media: Evidence across the media lifecyclecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024A Bias-Free Training Paradigm for More General AI-generated Image Detection
  2. 2026How well are open sourced AI-generated image detection models out-of-the-box: A comprehensive benchmark study
  3. 2023Improving Synthetically Generated Image Detection in Cross-Concept Settings
  4. 2025Who Made This? Fake Detection and Source Attribution with Diffusion Features
  5. 2022DE-FAKE: Detection and Attribution of Fake Images Generated by Text-to-Image Generation Models
  6. 2025Beyond Known Fakes: Generalized Detection of AI-Generated Images via Post-hoc Distribution Alignment
  7. 2025Beyond Binary Classification: A Semi-supervised Approach to Generalized AI-generated Image Detection
  8. 2025Detecting AI-Generated Images via Diffusion Snap-Back Reconstruction: A Forensic Approach