mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FARE: Forensic Acceptance Region Estimation for Catching Bait-and-Switch Image Generators

arXiv 2609.30982 ↗First posted 25 Sep 2026cs.CV cs.AI cs.CRcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Modern AI image generators are increasingly deployed as opaque APIs, where customers can query the deployed service, but cannot inspect model weights or architecture. This creates a practical challenge: a provider may pass governance certification with one generator and later silently switch to a cheaper and lower-quality one for deployment, compromising public trust or even safety in high-stakes domains. We study integrity auditing at deployment time and propose FARE (Forensic Acceptance Region Estimation). A certified generator is enrolled by training FARE on images sampled from that generator. After deployment, FARE can determine whether a generated image is consistent with the enrolled generator---using only that image. FARE's features are based on image generator-specific artifacts that have been proposed for forensic applications. FARE amplifies these features during training by finding hard samples that tighten the acceptance region and increase sensitivity to subtle changes in the certified generator. Across generator swaps, including substitutions with similar model versions and model variants, FARE is effective at detecting swaps, consistently outperforming existing baselines at strict operating points, and remains effective under the exact-model and decision-only attacks evaluated in this work.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2026.

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28 of 42 references.

References · 28

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16 more
  1. 2020Watch your Up-Convolution: CNN Based Generative Deep Neural Networks are Failing to Reproduce Spectral Distributionscited by 280
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  12. 2024Which Model Generated This Image? A Model-Agnostic Approach for Origin Attributioncited by 16
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  15. 2021DOC3-Deep One Class Classification using Contradictionscited by 4
  16. 2025Smudged Fingerprints: A Systematic Evaluation of the Robustness of AI Image Fingerprintscited by 2

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