mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Med42-v2: A Suite of Clinical LLMs

arXiv 2408.06142 ↗First posted 12 Aug 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 89

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Abstract (arXiv)

Med42-v2 introduces a suite of clinical large language models (LLMs) designed to address the limitations of generic models in healthcare settings. These models are built on Llama3 architecture and fine-tuned using specialized clinical data. They underwent multi-stage preference alignment to effectively respond to natural prompts. While generic models are often preference-aligned to avoid answering clinical queries as a precaution, Med42-v2 is specifically trained to overcome this limitation, enabling its use in clinical settings. Med42-v2 models demonstrate superior performance compared to the original Llama3 models in both 8B and 70B parameter configurations and GPT-4 across various medical benchmarks. These LLMs are developed to understand clinical queries, perform reasoning tasks, and provide valuable assistance in clinical environments. The models are now publicly available at hrefhttps://huggingface.co/m42-healthhttps://huggingface.co/m42-health.

Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Aug 2024.

Builds on

24 of 41 references.

References · 24

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  4. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
  5. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  6. 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,758
  7. 2021Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 1,462
  8. 2020What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Examscited by 1,324
  9. 2019PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answeringcited by 1,271
  10. 2022Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP Taskscited by 858
  11. 2023Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversationscited by 825
  12. 2017Crowdsourcing Multiple Choice Science Questionscited by 742
12 more
  1. 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 734
  2. 2022MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answeringcited by 525
  3. 2022ToxiGen: A Large-Scale Machine-Generated Dataset for Adversarial and Implicit Hate Speech Detectioncited by 419
  4. 2023Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 382
  5. 2023Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicinecited by 319
  6. 2023MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Datacited by 282
  7. 2023MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Modelscited by 272
  8. 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking for Public Health Claimscited by 209
  9. 2019A Question-Entailment Approach to Question Answeringcited by 133
  10. 2023ACI-BENCH: a Novel Ambient Clinical Intelligence Dataset for Benchmarking Automatic Visit Note Generationcited by 116
  11. 2019HEAD-QA: A Healthcare Dataset for Complex Reasoningcited by 100
  12. 2023Clinical Camel: An Open Expert-Level Medical Language Model with Dialogue-Based Knowledge Encodingcited by 71

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 44; 2026: 37.

89 papers.

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  1. 2024MMed-RAG: Versatile Multimodal RAG System for Medical Vision Language Modelscited by 84
  2. 2025m1: Unleash the Potential of Test-Time Scaling for Medical Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 42
  3. 2025MedHallu: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Detecting Medical Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 33
  4. 2024ClinicalBench: Can LLMs Beat Traditional ML Models in Clinical Prediction?cited by 31
  5. 2024MEDIC: Comprehensive Evaluation of Leading Indicators for LLM Safety and Utility in Clinical Applicationscited by 25
  6. 2025MedS3: Towards Medical Slow Thinking with Self-Evolved Soft Dual-sided Process Supervisioncited by 23
  7. 2025Benchmarking Adversarial Robustness to Bias Elicitation in Large Language Models: Scalable Automated Assessment with LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 23
  8. 2024MMedPO: Aligning Medical Vision-Language Models with Clinical-Aware Multimodal Preference Optimizationcited by 21
  9. 2025Automating Expert-Level Medical Reasoning Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 21
  10. 2025A Modular Approach for Clinical SLMs Driven by Synthetic Data with Pre-Instruction Tuning, Model Merging, and Clinical-Tasks Alignmentcited by 20
  11. 2025Automatic Evaluation of Healthcare LLMs Beyond Question-Answeringcited by 19
  12. 2024Lived Experience Not Found: LLMs Struggle to Align with Experts on Addressing Adverse Drug Reactions from Psychiatric Medication Usecited by 17
38 more
  1. 2024Zodiac: A Cardiologist-Level LLM Framework for Multi-Agent Diagnosticscited by 11
  2. 2025Doctor-R1: Mastering Clinical Inquiry with Experiential Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
  3. 2025Afrispeech-Dialog: A Benchmark Dataset for Spontaneous English Conversations in Healthcare and Beyondcited by 10
  4. 2024The Limited Impact of Medical Adaptation of Large Language and Vision-Language Modelscited by 9
  5. 2025OntoTune: Ontology-Driven Self-training for Aligning Large Language Modelscited by 8
  6. 2025MedEthicsQA: A Comprehensive Question Answering Benchmark for Medical Ethics Evaluation of LLMscited by 8
  7. 2025Empowering Healthcare Practitioners with Language Models: Structuring Speech Transcripts in Two Real-World Clinical Applicationscited by 7
  8. 2025Multi-step retrieval and reasoning improves radiology question answering with large language modelscited by 7
  9. 2025EHRStruct: A Comprehensive Benchmark Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models on Structured Electronic Health Record Taskscited by 5
  10. 2025Enhancing the Medical Context-Awareness Ability of LLMs via Multifaceted Self-Refinement Learningcited by 4
  11. 2026Benchmarking Multi-turn Medical Diagnosis: Hold, Lure, and Self-Correctioncited by 4
  12. 2026Medical Reasoning with Large Language Models: A Survey and MR-Benchcited by 4
  13. 2025Caught in the Web of Words: Do LLMs Fall for Spin in Medical Literature?cited by 3
  14. 2025Medicine on the Edge: Comparative Performance Analysis of On-Device LLMs for Clinical Reasoningcited by 3
  15. 2025Assessing and Mitigating Medical Knowledge Drift and Conflicts in Large Language Modelscited by 3
  16. 2025Evaluating LLMs Across Multi-Cognitive Levels: From Medical Knowledge Mastery to Scenario-Based Problem Solvingcited by 3
  17. 2025Quantized Large Language Models in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: Evaluation and Recommendationcited by 3
  18. 2025Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fact-Checkingcited by 3
  19. 2025Building Trust in Clinical LLMs: Bias Analysis and Dataset Transparencycited by 3
  20. 2025AutoMedic: An Automated Evaluation Framework for Clinical Conversational Agents with Medical Dataset Groundingcited by 3
  21. 2026PsychEthicsBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Against Australian Mental Health Ethicscited by 3
  22. 2026MedAraBench: Large-Scale Arabic Medical Question Answering Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 3
  23. 2025Bridging Language Barriers in Healthcare: A Study on Arabic LLMscited by 2
  24. 2025Spurious Correlations and Beyond: Understanding and Mitigating Shortcut Learning in SDOH Extraction with Large Language Modelscited by 2
  25. 2025Test-Time-Scaling for Zero-Shot Diagnosis with Visual-Language Reasoningcited by 2
  26. 2025MedRiskEval: Medical Risk Evaluation Benchmark of Language Models, On the Importance of User Perspectives in Healthcare Settingscited by 2
  27. 2025Patient-Zero: Scaling Synthetic Patient Agents to Real-World Distributions without Real Patient Datacited by 2
  28. 2025Understanding Post-Training Structural Changes in Large Language Modelscited by 2
  29. 2026Cross-Lingual Empirical Evaluation of Large Language Models for Arabic Medical Taskscited by 2
  30. 2026EHRBench: An Automated and Reliable EHR-based Benchmark for Clinical Decision Making with LLMscited by 2
  31. 2025EchoQA: A Large Collection of Instruction Tuning Data for Echocardiogram Reportscited by 1
  32. 2025Diagnosing our datasets: How does my language model learn clinical information?cited by 1
  33. 2025Improving Hospital Risk Prediction with Knowledge-Augmented Multimodal EHR Modelingcited by 1
  34. 2025OncoReason: Structuring Clinical Reasoning in LLMs for Robust and Interpretable Survival Predictioncited by 1
  35. 2026MedRAGChecker: Claim-Level Verification for Biomedical Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 1
  36. 2026ClinCoT: Clinical-Aware Visual Chain-of-Thought for Medical Vision Language Modelscited by 1
  37. 2026Agentic retrieval-augmented reasoning reshapes collective reliability under model variability in radiology question answeringcited by 1
  38. 2026MIRA: A Bilingual Benchmark for Medical Information Response Auditcited by 1

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