mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Learning Natural Consistency Representation for Face Forgery Video Detection

arXiv 2407.10550 ↗First posted 15 Jul 2024cs.CVcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

Face Forgery videos have elicited critical social public concerns and various detectors have been proposed. However, fully-supervised detectors may lead to easily overfitting to specific forgery methods or videos, and existing self-supervised detectors are strict on auxiliary tasks, such as requiring audio or multi-modalities, leading to limited generalization and robustness. In this paper, we examine whether we can address this issue by leveraging visual-only real face videos. To this end, we propose to learn the Natural Consistency representation (NACO) of real face videos in a self-supervised manner, which is inspired by the observation that fake videos struggle to maintain the natural spatiotemporal consistency even under unknown forgery methods and different perturbations. Our NACO first extracts spatial features of each frame by CNNs then integrates them into Transformer to learn the long-range spatiotemporal representation, leveraging the advantages of CNNs and Transformer on local spatial receptive field and long-term memory respectively. Furthermore, a Spatial Predictive Module~(SPM) and a Temporal Contrastive Module~(TCM) are introduced to enhance the natural consistency representation learning. The SPM aims to predict random masked spatial features from spatiotemporal representation, and the TCM regularizes the latent distance of spatiotemporal representation by shuffling the natural order to disturb the consistency, which could both force our NACO more sensitive to the natural spatiotemporal consistency. After the representation learning stage, a MLP head is fine-tuned to perform the usual forgery video classification task. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art competitors with impressive generalization and robustness.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2024.

Builds on

48 of 65 references.

References · 48

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36 more
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  13. 2018Exposing DeepFake Videos By Detecting Face Warping Artifactscited by 319
  14. 2018Exposing Deep Fakes Using Inconsistent Head Posescited by 297
  15. 2020Lips Don't Lie: A Generalisable and Robust Approach to Face Forgery Detectioncited by 287
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 15; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2024Orthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 105
  2. 2024Generalizing Deepfake Video Detection with Plug-and-Play: Video-Level Blending and Spatiotemporal Adapter Tuningcited by 59
  3. 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detectioncited by 35
  4. 2024FSFM: A Generalizable Face Security Foundation Model via Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learningcited by 23
  5. 2025Deepfake Detection that Generalizes Across Benchmarkscited by 21
  6. 2025FreqDebias: Towards Generalizable Deepfake Detection via Consistency-Driven Frequency Debiasingcited by 14
  7. 2025TalkingHeadBench: A Multi-Modal Benchmark & Analysis of Talking-Head DeepFake Detectioncited by 11
  8. 2025Unlocking the Hidden Potential of CLIP in Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 10
  9. 2025Vulnerability-Aware Spatio-Temporal Learning for Generalizable Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 9
  10. 2025DeepShield: Fortifying Deepfake Video Detection with Local and Global Forgery Analysiscited by 7
  11. 2025CAD: A General Multimodal Framework for Video Deepfake Detection via Cross-Modal Alignment and Distillationcited by 6
  12. 2025WMamba: Wavelet-based Mamba for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 3
14 more
  1. 2025Pindrop it! Audio and Visual Deepfake Countermeasures for Robust Detection and Fine Grained-Localizationcited by 3
  2. 2025Next-Frame Feature Prediction for Multimodal Deepfake Detection and Temporal Localizationcited by 2
  3. 2026CMTA: Leveraging Cross-Modal Temporal Artifacts for Generalizable AI-Generated Video Detectioncited by 2
  4. 2025SELFI: Selective Fusion of Identity for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  5. 2025FakeRadar: Probing Forgery Outliers to Detect Unknown Deepfake Videoscited by 1
  6. 2026LOGER: Local--Global Ensemble for Robust Deepfake Detection in the Wildcited by 1
  7. 2026SphereVideo: Prototype-anchored Hyperspherical Boundary for Continual AI-generated Video Detectioncited by 1
  8. 2025Robustness in AI-Generated Detection: Enhancing Resistance to Adversarial Attackscited by 0
  9. 2025DiffusionFF: A Diffusion-based Framework for Joint Face Forgery Detection and Fine-Grained Artifact Localizationcited by 0
  10. 2025LAKAN: Landmark-assisted Adaptive Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 0
  11. 2026Deepfake Detection Generalization with Diffusion Noisecited by 0
  12. 2026Exposing and Mitigating Temporal Attack in Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 0
  13. 2026Deepfake Detection in Social Media: A Temporal Artifact Analysis Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 0
  14. 2026SGF-CDNet: A Consistency-Discrepancy Graph Network over Semantic-Geometric Fused Nodes for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 0