DeepShield: Fortifying Deepfake Video Detection with Local and Global Forgery Analysis
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in deep generative models have made it easier to manipulate face videos, raising significant concerns about their potential misuse for fraud and misinformation. Existing detectors often perform well in in-domain scenarios but fail to generalize across diverse manipulation techniques due to their reliance on forgery-specific artifacts. In this work, we introduce DeepShield, a novel deepfake detection framework that balances local sensitivity and global generalization to improve robustness across unseen forgeries. DeepShield enhances the CLIP-ViT encoder through two key components: Local Patch Guidance (LPG) and Global Forgery Diversification (GFD). LPG applies spatiotemporal artifact modeling and patch-wise supervision to capture fine-grained inconsistencies often overlooked by global models. GFD introduces domain feature augmentation, leveraging domain-bridging and boundary-expanding feature generation to synthesize diverse forgeries, mitigating overfitting and enhancing cross-domain adaptability. Through the integration of novel local and global analysis for deepfake detection, DeepShield outperforms state-of-the-art methods in cross-dataset and cross-manipulation evaluations, achieving superior robustness against unseen deepfake attacks. Code is available at https://github.com/lijichang/DeepShield.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Oct 2025.
Builds on
41 of 56 references.
References · 41
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
- 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,013
- 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,627
- 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,829
- 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 2,010
- 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,101
- 2020Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videoscited by 632
- 2019Celeb-DF: A Large-scale Challenging Dataset for DeepFake Forensicscited by 575
- 2021Domain Generalization with MixStylecited by 566
- 2019Face X-ray for More General Face Forgery Detectioncited by 470
29 more
- 2022Detecting Deepfakes with Self-Blended Imagescited by 338
- 2020Lips Don't Lie: A Generalisable and Robust Approach to Face Forgery Detectioncited by 287
- 2020Global Texture Enhancement for Fake Face Detection in the Wildcited by 220
- 2022ST-Adapter: Parameter-Efficient Image-to-Video Transfer Learningcited by 193
- 2022Self-supervised Learning of Adversarial Example: Towards Good Generalizations for Deepfake Detectioncited by 173
- 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 159
- 2022Leveraging Real Talking Faces via Self-Supervision for Robust Forgery Detectioncited by 130
- 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detectioncited by 129
- 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 127
- 2019Recurrent Convolutional Strategies for Face Manipulation Detection in Videoscited by 118
- 2021Dual Contrastive Learning for General Face Forgery Detectioncited by 100
- 2023TALL: Thumbnail Layout for Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 100
- 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformercited by 95
- 2021Spatiotemporal Inconsistency Learning for DeepFake Video Detectioncited by 88
- 2023AltFreezing for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 78
- 2022FrePGAN: Robust Deepfake Detection Using Frequency-level Perturbationscited by 75
- 2022UIA-ViT: Unsupervised Inconsistency-Aware Method based on Vision Transformer for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 69
- 2023Implicit Identity Representation Conditioned Memory Compensation Network for Talking Head video Generationcited by 61
- 2024Exploiting Style Latent Flows for Generalizing Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 59
- 2024Generalizing Deepfake Video Detection with Plug-and-Play: Video-Level Blending and Spatiotemporal Adapter Tuningcited by 59
- 2022SeeABLE: Soft Discrepancies and Bounded Contrastive Learning for Exposing Deepfakescited by 49
- 2024Can We Leave Deepfake Data Behind in Training Deepfake Detector?cited by 49
- 2024Exposing the Deception: Uncovering More Forgery Clues for Deepfake Detectioncited by 47
- 2022FaceDancer: Pose- and Occlusion-Aware High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 44
- 2024Fake It till You Make It: Curricular Dynamic Forgery Augmentations towards General Deepfake Detectioncited by 31
- 2023Locate and Verify: A Two-Stream Network for Improved Deepfake Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Learning Natural Consistency Representation for Face Forgery Video Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Stacking Brick by Brick: Aligned Feature Isolation for Incremental Face Forgery Detectioncited by 16
- 2024UniFL: Improve Latent Diffusion Model via Unified Feedback Learningcited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 6.
7 papers.
- 2026When Detectors Forget Forensics: Blocking Semantic Shortcuts for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 1
- 2026SharedRequest: Privacy-Preserving Model-Agnostic Inference for Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Detecting AI-Generated Video: A Vision-Language Dual-View Surveycited by 1
- 2025Beyond Flicker: Detecting Kinematic Inconsistencies for Generalizable Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 0
- 2026DVAR: Adversarial Multi-Agent Debate for Video Authenticity Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Grad-CAM for Vision Transformers: A Systematic Taxonomy and Audit of Methodological Ambiguity in Explainable AIcited by 0
- 2026Can Tainted Pixels Expose Deepfake Videos?cited by 0
- 2026Can Tainted Pixels Expose Deepfake Videos?26 Aug 2026
- 2026Grad-CAM for Vision Transformers: A Systematic Taxonomy and Audit of Methodological Ambiguity in Explainable AI5 Aug 2026
- 2026Detecting AI-Generated Video: A Vision-Language Dual-View Survey12 Jul 2026
- 2026SharedRequest: Privacy-Preserving Model-Agnostic Inference for Large Language Models3 Jun 2026
- 2026DVAR: Adversarial Multi-Agent Debate for Video Authenticity Detection18 Apr 2026
- 2026When Detectors Forget Forensics: Blocking Semantic Shortcuts for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detection10 Mar 2026
- 2025Beyond Flicker: Detecting Kinematic Inconsistencies for Generalizable Deepfake Video Detection3 Dec 2025