A Rule-Based Behaviour Planner for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Imitation-learning end-to-end planners
Abstract (arXiv)
Autonomous vehicles require highly sophisticated decision-making to determine their motion. This paper describes how such functionality can be achieved with a practical rule engine learned from expert driving decisions. We propose an algorithm to create and maintain a rule-based behaviour planner, using a two-layer rule-based theory. The first layer determines a set of feasible parametrized behaviours, given the perceived state of the environment. From these, a resolution function chooses the most conservative high-level maneuver. The second layer then reconciles the parameters into a single behaviour. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, we report results of its implementation in a level-3 autonomous vehicle and its field test in an urban environment.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation-learning end-to-end planners, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 6 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jun 2024.
Builds on
6 of 26 references.
References · 6
- 2016End to End Learning for Self-Driving Carscited by 1,000
- 2016The Mythos of Model Interpretabilitycited by 716
- 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 391
- 2016A Survey of Motion Planning and Control Techniques for Self-driving Urban Vehiclescited by 251
- 2021Rule-based Optimal Control for Autonomous Drivingcited by 21
- 2020Learning Structured Declarative Rule Sets -- A Challenge for Deep Discrete Learningcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2025HiP-AD: Hierarchical and Multi-Granularity Planning with Deformable Attention for Autonomous Driving in a Single Decodercited by 35
- 2026ResWorld: Temporal Residual World Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 14
- 2025RealDrive: Retrieval-Augmented Driving with Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2026OWMDrive: Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via 4D Occupancy World Modelcited by 2
- 2025Evaluating Scenario-based Decision-making for Interactive Autonomous Driving Using Rational Criteria: A Surveycited by 1
- 2025A Survey on Deep Multi-Task Learning in Connected Autonomous Vehiclescited by 0
- 2026Timed Rule-Based Supervision of an End-to-End Autonomous Parking Policycited by 0
- 2026Timed Rule-Based Supervision of an End-to-End Autonomous Parking Policy24 Sep 2026
- 2026OWMDrive: Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via 4D Occupancy World Model29 Jun 2026
- 2026ResWorld: Temporal Residual World Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving11 Feb 2026
- 2025A Survey on Deep Multi-Task Learning in Connected Autonomous Vehicles29 Jul 2025
- 2025RealDrive: Retrieval-Augmented Driving with Diffusion Models30 May 2025
- 2025HiP-AD: Hierarchical and Multi-Granularity Planning with Deformable Attention for Autonomous Driving in a Single Decoder11 Mar 2025
- 2025Evaluating Scenario-based Decision-making for Interactive Autonomous Driving Using Rational Criteria: A Survey3 Jan 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023Spatial Intelligence of a Self-driving Car and Rule-Based Decision Making
- 2025A Framework for Learning Scoring Rules in Autonomous Driving Planning Systems
- 2021How To Not Drive: Learning Driving Constraints from Demonstration
- 2021Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Overview and Field Guide for Future Research Directions
- 2023Interpretable Motion Planner for Urban Driving via Hierarchical Imitation Learning
- 2025ADRD: LLM-Driven Autonomous Driving Based on Rule-based Decision Systems
- 2026Learning-Based Behavior Planning for Automated Driving: Real-World Integration and Deployment
- 2022Informed sampling-based trajectory planner for automated driving in dynamic urban environments