mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Beyond Human Preferences: Exploring Reinforcement Learning Trajectory Evaluation and Improvement through LLMs

arXiv 2406.19644 ↗First posted 28 Jun 2024cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF

Abstract (arXiv)

Reinforcement learning (RL) faces challenges in evaluating policy trajectories within intricate game tasks due to the difficulty in designing comprehensive and precise reward functions. This inherent difficulty curtails the broader application of RL within game environments characterized by diverse constraints. Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) presents a pioneering framework that capitalizes on human preferences as pivotal reward signals, thereby circumventing the need for meticulous reward engineering. However, obtaining preference data from human experts is costly and inefficient, especially under conditions marked by complex constraints. To tackle this challenge, we propose a LLM-enabled automatic preference generation framework named LLM4PG , which harnesses the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to abstract trajectories, rank preferences, and reconstruct reward functions to optimize conditioned policies. Experiments on tasks with complex language constraints demonstrated the effectiveness of our LLM-enabled reward functions, accelerating RL convergence and overcoming stagnation caused by slow or absent progress under original reward structures. This approach mitigates the reliance on specialized human knowledge and demonstrates the potential of LLMs to enhance RL's effectiveness in complex environments in the wild.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 16 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jun 2024.

Builds on

16 of 23 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Towards Socially and Morally Aware RL agent: Reward Design With LLM23 Jan
  2. 2023Eureka: Human-Level Reward Design via Coding Large Language Models19 Oct
  3. 2018Reward learning from human preferences and demonstrations in Atari15 Nov
  4. 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences12 Jun

Other references · 12

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  3. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  4. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,273
  5. 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
  6. 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,785
  7. 2018Exploration by Random Network Distillationcited by 966
  8. 2023Minigrid & Miniworld: Modular & Customizable Reinforcement Learning Environments for Goal-Oriented Taskscited by 320
  9. 2016Learning Hand-Eye Coordination for Robotic Grasping with Deep Learning and Large-Scale Data Collectioncited by 312
  10. 2021Recursively Summarizing Books with Human Feedbackcited by 287
  11. 2023Reward Design with Language Modelscited by 257
  12. 2019Sequence Modeling of Temporal Credit Assignment for Episodic Reinforcement Learningcited by 27

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024A Large Language Model-Driven Reward Design Framework via Dynamic Feedback for Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2026Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback: A Statistical Perspective
  3. 2025PB2: Preference Space Exploration via Population-Based Methods in Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2024Preference-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Exploration
  5. 2024RLHF Deciphered: A Critical Analysis of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback for LLMs
  6. 2025Policy-labeled Preference Learning: Is Preference Enough for RLHF?
  7. 2023Direct Preference-based Policy Optimization without Reward Modeling
  8. 2025Towards Efficient Online Exploration for Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback