Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2024
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Abstract (arXiv)
The 2024 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment when AI's influence on society has never been more pronounced. This year, we have broadened our scope to more extensively cover essential trends such as technical advancements in AI, public perceptions of the technology, and the geopolitical dynamics surrounding its development. Featuring more original data than ever before, this edition introduces new estimates on AI training costs, detailed analyses of the responsible AI landscape, and an entirely new chapter dedicated to AI's impact on science and medicine. The AI Index report tracks, collates, distills, and visualizes data related to artificial intelligence (AI). Our mission is to provide unbiased, rigorously vetted, broadly sourced data in order for policymakers, researchers, executives, journalists, and the general public to develop a more thorough and nuanced understanding of the complex field of AI. The AI Index is recognized globally as one of the most credible and authoritative sources for data and insights on artificial intelligence. Previous editions have been cited in major newspapers, including the The New York Times, Bloomberg, and The Guardian, have amassed hundreds of academic citations, and been referenced by high-level policymakers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, among other places. This year's edition surpasses all previous ones in size, scale, and scope, reflecting the growing significance that AI is coming to hold in all of our lives.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 8; 2026: 9.
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- 2024RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human expertscited by 175
- 2026When AI Benchmarks Plateau: A Systematic Study of Benchmark Saturationcited by 33
- 2024SLIP: Securing LLMs IP Using Weights Decompositioncited by 14
- 2024Beyond the Comfort Zone: Emerging Solutions to Overcome Challenges in Integrating LLMs into Software Productscited by 11
- 2024Casper: Prompt Sanitization for Protecting User Privacy in Web-Based Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Securitycited by 4
- 2025Who Evaluates AI's Social Impacts? Mapping Coverage and Gaps in First and Third Party Evaluationscited by 4
- 2025Small is Sufficient: Reducing the World AI Energy Consumption Through Model Selectioncited by 3
- 2024Impact of ML Optimization Tactics on Greener Pre-Trained ML Modelscited by 2
- 2026From Static Benchmarks to Dynamic Protocol: Agent-Centric Text Anomaly Detection for Evaluating LLM Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026Agentic AI and Occupational Displacement: A Multi-Regional Task Exposure Analysis of Emerging Labor Market Disruptioncited by 2
- 2026The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystemcited by 2
12 more
- 2024Bias in Text Embedding Modelscited by 1
- 2025Towards Adaptive AI Governance: Comparative Insights from the U.S., EU, and Asiacited by 1
- 2025Pilot Study on Generative AI and Critical Thinking in Higher Education Classroomscited by 1
- 2026Universal computation is intrinsic to language model decodingcited by 1
- 2024AI Research is not Magic, it has to be Reproducible and Responsible: Challenges in the AI field from the Perspective of its PhD Studentscited by 0
- 2025An Efficient Plugin Method for Metric Optimization of Black-Box Modelscited by 0
- 2025Is PMBOK Guide the Right Fit for AI? Re-evaluating Project Management in the Face of Artificial Intelligence Projectscited by 0
- 2025Uncovering Scaling Laws for Large Language Models via Inverse Problemscited by 0
- 2026The Future of AI is Many, Not Onecited by 0
- 2026Supervised Fine-Tuning vs. In-Context Learning: An Equilibrium Analysis of LLM Personalization under Congestioncited by 0
- 2026aiXamine: Unified Black-Box Evaluation of Cross-Dimensional Trade-offs in LLM Safety, Security, and Privacycited by 0
- 2026The AI Evaluation Ecosystemcited by 0
- 2026The AI Evaluation Ecosystem7 Oct 2026
- 2026aiXamine: Unified Black-Box Evaluation of Cross-Dimensional Trade-offs in LLM Safety, Security, and Privacy20 Aug 2026
- 2026Supervised Fine-Tuning vs. In-Context Learning: An Equilibrium Analysis of LLM Personalization under Congestion15 Jul 2026
- 2026The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem8 Apr 2026
- 2026Agentic AI and Occupational Displacement: A Multi-Regional Task Exposure Analysis of Emerging Labor Market Disruption31 Mar 2026
- 2026The Future of AI is Many, Not One30 Mar 2026
- 2026From Static Benchmarks to Dynamic Protocol: Agent-Centric Text Anomaly Detection for Evaluating LLM Reasoning27 Feb 2026
- 2026When AI Benchmarks Plateau: A Systematic Study of Benchmark Saturation18 Feb 2026
- 2026Universal computation is intrinsic to language model decoding12 Jan 2026
- 2025Who Evaluates AI's Social Impacts? Mapping Coverage and Gaps in First and Third Party Evaluations6 Nov 2025
- 2025Small is Sufficient: Reducing the World AI Energy Consumption Through Model Selection2 Oct 2025
- 2025Uncovering Scaling Laws for Large Language Models via Inverse Problems9 Sep 2025
12 more
- 2025Pilot Study on Generative AI and Critical Thinking in Higher Education Classrooms29 Aug 2025
- 2025Is PMBOK Guide the Right Fit for AI? Re-evaluating Project Management in the Face of Artificial Intelligence Projects2 Jun 2025
- 2025aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Security21 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Adaptive AI Governance: Comparative Insights from the U.S., EU, and Asia1 Apr 2025
- 2025An Efficient Plugin Method for Metric Optimization of Black-Box Models3 Mar 2025
- 2024RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human experts22 Nov 2024
- 2024Beyond the Comfort Zone: Emerging Solutions to Overcome Challenges in Integrating LLMs into Software Products15 Oct 2024
- 2024Impact of ML Optimization Tactics on Greener Pre-Trained ML Models19 Sep 2024
- 2024Casper: Prompt Sanitization for Protecting User Privacy in Web-Based Large Language Models13 Aug 2024
- 2024AI Research is not Magic, it has to be Reproducible and Responsible: Challenges in the AI field from the Perspective of its PhD Students13 Aug 2024
- 2024SLIP: Securing LLMs IP Using Weights Decomposition15 Jul 2024
- 2024Bias in Text Embedding Models17 Jun 2024
- 2025aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Securitycited by 4
- 2025aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Security21 Apr 2025
- 2026When AI Benchmarks Plateau: A Systematic Study of Benchmark Saturationcited by 33
- 2024SLIP: Securing LLMs IP Using Weights Decompositioncited by 14
- 2024Beyond the Comfort Zone: Emerging Solutions to Overcome Challenges in Integrating LLMs into Software Productscited by 11
- 2024Casper: Prompt Sanitization for Protecting User Privacy in Web-Based Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025Who Evaluates AI's Social Impacts? Mapping Coverage and Gaps in First and Third Party Evaluationscited by 4
- 2025Small is Sufficient: Reducing the World AI Energy Consumption Through Model Selectioncited by 3
- 2024Impact of ML Optimization Tactics on Greener Pre-Trained ML Modelscited by 2
- 2026The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystemcited by 2
- 2024Bias in Text Embedding Modelscited by 1
- 2025Towards Adaptive AI Governance: Comparative Insights from the U.S., EU, and Asiacited by 1
- 2025Pilot Study on Generative AI and Critical Thinking in Higher Education Classroomscited by 1
- 2026Universal computation is intrinsic to language model decodingcited by 1
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026The AI Evaluation Ecosystem7 Oct 2026
- 2026Supervised Fine-Tuning vs. In-Context Learning: An Equilibrium Analysis of LLM Personalization under Congestion15 Jul 2026
- 2026The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem8 Apr 2026
- 2026The Future of AI is Many, Not One30 Mar 2026
- 2026When AI Benchmarks Plateau: A Systematic Study of Benchmark Saturation18 Feb 2026
- 2026Universal computation is intrinsic to language model decoding12 Jan 2026
- 2025Who Evaluates AI's Social Impacts? Mapping Coverage and Gaps in First and Third Party Evaluations6 Nov 2025
- 2025Small is Sufficient: Reducing the World AI Energy Consumption Through Model Selection2 Oct 2025
- 2025Uncovering Scaling Laws for Large Language Models via Inverse Problems9 Sep 2025
- 2025Pilot Study on Generative AI and Critical Thinking in Higher Education Classrooms29 Aug 2025
- 2025Is PMBOK Guide the Right Fit for AI? Re-evaluating Project Management in the Face of Artificial Intelligence Projects2 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Adaptive AI Governance: Comparative Insights from the U.S., EU, and Asia1 Apr 2025
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)