It Takes Two to Negotiate: Modeling Social Exchange in Online Multiplayer Games
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Abstract (arXiv)
Online games are dynamic environments where players interact with each other, which offers a rich setting for understanding how players negotiate their way through the game to an ultimate victory. This work studies online player interactions during the turn-based strategy game, Diplomacy. We annotated a dataset of over 10,000 chat messages for different negotiation strategies and empirically examined their importance in predicting long- and short-term game outcomes. Although negotiation strategies can be predicted reasonably accurately through the linguistic modeling of the chat messages, more is needed for predicting short-term outcomes such as trustworthiness. On the other hand, they are essential in graph-aware reinforcement learning approaches to predict long-term outcomes, such as a player's success, based on their prior negotiation history. We close with a discussion of the implications and impact of our work. The dataset is available at https://github.com/kj2013/claff-diplomacy.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2023.
Builds on
19 of 82 references.
References · 19
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7 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
8 papers.
- 2024Richelieu: Self-Evolving LLM-Based Agents for AI Diplomacycited by 36
- 2024"Reasoning" with Rhetoric: On the Style-Evidence Tradeoff in LLM-Generated Counter-Argumentscited by 2
- 2024DIVERSE: A Dataset of YouTube Video Comment Stances with a Data Programming Modelcited by 2
- 2025Measuring Fine-Grained Negotiation Tactics of Humans and LLMs in Diplomacycited by 2
- 2025Shall We Play a Game? Language Models for Open-ended Wargamescited by 1
- 2025Improving User Behavior Prediction: Leveraging Annotator Metadata in Supervised Machine Learning Modelscited by 0
- 2026When Agents Persuade: Rhetoric Generation and Mitigation in LLMscited by 0
- 2026From Overload to Convergence: Supporting Multi-Issue Human-AI Negotiation with Bayesian Visualizationcited by 0
- 2026From Overload to Convergence: Supporting Multi-Issue Human-AI Negotiation with Bayesian Visualization24 Mar 2026
- 2026When Agents Persuade: Rhetoric Generation and Mitigation in LLMs4 Mar 2026
- 2025Measuring Fine-Grained Negotiation Tactics of Humans and LLMs in Diplomacy20 Dec 2025
- 2025Shall We Play a Game? Language Models for Open-ended Wargames21 Sep 2025
- 2025Improving User Behavior Prediction: Leveraging Annotator Metadata in Supervised Machine Learning Models26 Mar 2025
- 2024Richelieu: Self-Evolving LLM-Based Agents for AI Diplomacy9 Jul 2024
- 2024DIVERSE: A Dataset of YouTube Video Comment Stances with a Data Programming Model5 Mar 2024
- 2024"Reasoning" with Rhetoric: On the Style-Evidence Tradeoff in LLM-Generated Counter-Arguments13 Feb 2024