mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NeurASP: Embracing Neural Networks into Answer Set Programming

arXiv 2307.07700 ↗First posted 15 Jul 2023cs.AI cs.LG cs.SCcited by 92

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Cited by 25 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We present NeurASP, a simple extension of answer set programs by embracing neural networks. By treating the neural network output as the probability distribution over atomic facts in answer set programs, NeurASP provides a simple and effective way to integrate sub-symbolic and symbolic computation. We demonstrate how NeurASP can make use of a pre-trained neural network in symbolic computation and how it can improve the neural network's perception result by applying symbolic reasoning in answer set programming. Also, NeurASP can be used to train a neural network better by training with ASP rules so that a neural network not only learns from implicit correlations from the data but also from the explicit complex semantic constraints expressed by the rules.

Key facts. Cited by 92 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2023.

Builds on

12 of 31 references.

References · 12

  1. 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,282
  2. 2019Neural Probabilistic Logic Programming in DeepProbLogcited by 389
  3. 2019The Neuro-Symbolic Concept Learner: Interpreting Scenes, Words, and Sentences From Natural Supervisioncited by 369
  4. 2017A Semantic Loss Function for Deep Learning with Symbolic Knowledgecited by 267
  5. 2019KagNet: Knowledge-Aware Graph Networks for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 216
  6. 2017End-to-End Differentiable Provingcited by 159
  7. 2017Logic Tensor Networks for Semantic Image Interpretationcited by 92
  8. 2016Learning to Compose Neural Networks for Question Answeringcited by 85
  9. 2019ASP-Core-2 Input Language Formatcited by 77
  10. 2017Recurrent Relational Networkscited by 71
  11. 2015Lifted Relational Neural Networkscited by 5
  12. 2017RelNN: A Deep Neural Model for Relational Learningcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 30; 2025: 24; 2026: 28.

92 papers.

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  1. 2024BEARS Make Neuro-Symbolic Models Aware of their Reasoning Shortcutscited by 36
  2. 2024Learning Iterative Reasoning through Energy Diffusioncited by 36
  3. 2023Interpretability is in the Mind of the Beholder: A Causal Framework for Human-interpretable Representation Learningcited by 22
  4. 2024A Neuro-Symbolic Benchmark Suite for Concept Quality and Reasoning Shortcutscited by 19
  5. 2024On the Independence Assumption in Neurosymbolic Learningcited by 18
  6. 2025Beyond the convexity assumption: Realistic tabular data generation under quantifier-free real linear constraintscited by 18
  7. 2024Softened Symbol Grounding for Neuro-symbolic Systemscited by 16
  8. 2024Imperative Learning: A Self-supervised Neuro-Symbolic Learning Framework for Robot Autonomycited by 16
  9. 2025Shortcuts and Identifiability in Concept-based Models from a Neuro-Symbolic Lenscited by 13
  10. 2024The Role of Foundation Models in Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoningcited by 11
  11. 2024Learning with Logical Constraints but without Shortcut Satisfactioncited by 10
  12. 2024A Compositional Atlas for Algebraic Circuitscited by 10
38 more
  1. 2025Building Intelligent Agents with Neuro-Symbolic Conceptscited by 10
  2. 2024ULLER: A Unified Language for Learning and Reasoningcited by 9
  3. 2024NeSyA: Neurosymbolic Automatacited by 9
  4. 2024LogiCity: Advancing Neuro-Symbolic AI with Abstract Urban Simulationcited by 8
  5. 2024Data-Efficient Learning with Neural Programscited by 7
  6. 2024Towards Efficient Neuro-Symbolic AI: From Workload Characterization to Hardware Architecturecited by 7
  7. 2025Defining neurosymbolic AIcited by 7
  8. 2023Deciphering Raw Data in Neuro-Symbolic Learning with Provable Guaranteescited by 6
  9. 2024Semirings for Probabilistic and Neuro-Symbolic Logic Programmingcited by 6
  10. 2024EXPLAIN, AGREE, LEARN: Scaling Learning for Neural Probabilistic Logiccited by 6
  11. 2024Dspy-based Neural-Symbolic Pipeline to Enhance Spatial Reasoning in LLMscited by 6
  12. 2024Answer Set Networks: Casting Answer Set Programming into Deep Learningcited by 6
  13. 2024Dolphin: A Programmable Framework for Scalable Neurosymbolic Learningcited by 5
  14. 2024Compositional Generalization Across Distributional Shifts with Sparse Tree Operationscited by 5
  15. 2025A Study on Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Healthcare Perspectivescited by 5
  16. 2023Using Logic Programming and Kernel-Grouping for Improving Interpretability of Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 4
  17. 2024Variable Assignment Invariant Neural Networks for Learning Logic Programscited by 4
  18. 2024Differentiable Logic Programming for Distant Supervisioncited by 4
  19. 2025Modular Machine Learning: An Indispensable Path towards New-Generation Large Language Modelscited by 4
  20. 2023dPASP: A Comprehensive Differentiable Probabilistic Answer Set Programming Environment For Neurosymbolic Learning and Reasoningcited by 3
  21. 2023Learning Reliable Logical Rules with SATNetcited by 3
  22. 2023Bridging Logic and Learning: A Neural-Symbolic Approach for Enhanced Reasoning in Neural Models (ASPER)cited by 3
  23. 2024On the use of neurosymbolic AI for defending against cyber attackscited by 3
  24. 2025The Road to Generalizable Neuro-Symbolic Learning Should be Paved with Foundation Modelscited by 3
  25. 2025The DeepLog Neurosymbolic Machinecited by 3
  26. 2025Right for the Right Reasons: Avoiding Reasoning Shortcuts via Prototypical Neurosymbolic AIcited by 3
  27. 2025Modal Logic Neural Networkscited by 3
  28. 2026Theory-Scale Auto-Formalization of Logics for Computer Sciencecited by 3
  29. 2023NeuralFastLAS: Fast Logic-Based Learning from Raw Datacited by 2
  30. 2024Simple and Effective Transfer Learning for Neuro-Symbolic Integrationcited by 2
  31. 2024A Synergistic Approach In Network Intrusion Detection By Neurosymbolic AIcited by 2
  32. 2024Imbalances in Neurosymbolic Learning: Characterization and Mitigating Strategiescited by 2
  33. 2025Visual Graph Question Answering with ASP and LLMs for Language Parsingcited by 2
  34. 2026To Neuro-Symbolic Classification and Beyond by Compiling Description Logic Ontologies to Probabilistic Circuitscited by 2
  35. 2026Reactive Knowledge Representation and Asynchronous Reasoningcited by 2
  36. 2023Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoningcited by 1
  37. 2023Explainable Answer-set Programmingcited by 1
  38. 2023A Novel Neural-symbolic System under Statistical Relational Learningcited by 1

50 most cited of 92 All 92 (JSON)

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  1. 2023Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Answer Set Programs
  2. 2026From Natural Language to Executable Narsese: A Neuro-Symbolic Benchmark and Pipeline for Reasoning with NARS
  3. 2026NeSy-RAG: Neuro-Symbolic RAG for Explainable Question Answering
  4. 2024Neuro-Symbolic Query Optimization in Knowledge Graphs
  5. 2026NeuroSymActive: Differentiable Neural-Symbolic Reasoning with Active Exploration for Knowledge Graph Question Answering
  6. 2024Enhancing SQL Query Generation with Neurosymbolic Reasoning
  7. 2025Neural-Symbolic Message Passing with Dynamic Pruning
  8. 2024Neuro-symbolic Learning Yielding Logical Constraints