RFLA: A Stealthy Reflected Light Adversarial Attack in the Physical World
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Abstract (arXiv)
Physical adversarial attacks against deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently gained increasing attention. The current mainstream physical attacks use printed adversarial patches or camouflage to alter the appearance of the target object. However, these approaches generate conspicuous adversarial patterns that show poor stealthiness. Another physical deployable attack is the optical attack, featuring stealthiness while exhibiting weakly in the daytime with sunlight. In this paper, we propose a novel Reflected Light Attack (RFLA), featuring effective and stealthy in both the digital and physical world, which is implemented by placing the color transparent plastic sheet and a paper cut of a specific shape in front of the mirror to create different colored geometries on the target object. To achieve these goals, we devise a general framework based on the circle to model the reflected light on the target object. Specifically, we optimize a circle (composed of a coordinate and radius) to carry various geometrical shapes determined by the optimized angle. The fill color of the geometry shape and its corresponding transparency are also optimized. We extensively evaluate the effectiveness of RFLA on different datasets and models. Experiment results suggest that the proposed method achieves over 99% success rate on different datasets and models in the digital world. Additionally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in different physical environments by using sunlight or a flashlight.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jul 2023.
Builds on
39 of 53 references.
References · 39
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- 2016Inception-v4, Inception-ResNet and the Impact of Residual Connections on Learningcited by 1,509
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- 2017Ensemble Adversarial Training: Attacks and Defensescited by 833
- 2019Square Attack: a query-efficient black-box adversarial attack via random searchcited by 682
- 2018Improving Transferability of Adversarial Examples with Input Diversitycited by 591
- 2017Countering Adversarial Images using Input Transformationscited by 517
- 2019Evading Defenses to Transferable Adversarial Examples by Translation-Invariant Attackscited by 440
- 2019Nesterov Accelerated Gradient and Scale Invariance for Adversarial Attackscited by 352
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- 2021Dual Attention Suppression Attack: Generate Adversarial Camouflage in Physical Worldcited by 127
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- 2018Deflecting Adversarial Attacks with Pixel Deflectioncited by 71
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- 2020Invisible Perturbations: Physical Adversarial Examples Exploiting the Rolling Shutter Effectcited by 40
- 2021TnT Attacks! Universal Naturalistic Adversarial Patches Against Deep Neural Network Systemscited by 36
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- 2022Adversarial Scratches: Deployable Attacks to CNN Classifierscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 10; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
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- 2024Breaking Barriers in Physical-World Adversarial Examples: Improving Robustness and Transferability via Robust Featurecited by 13
- 2023Diffusion to Confusion: Naturalistic Adversarial Patch Generation Based on Diffusion Model for Object Detectorcited by 10
- 2023Adversarial Examples in the Physical World: A Surveycited by 10
- 2024Machine Learning Robustness: A Primercited by 8
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- 2024Rethinking Impersonation and Dodging Attacks on Face Recognition Systemscited by 7
- 2024Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Examples by Feature Augmentationcited by 5
- 2023Embodied Laser Attack:Leveraging Scene Priors to Achieve Agent-based Robust Non-contact Attackscited by 4
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Modelscited by 4
- 2024Secure Traffic Sign Recognition: An Attention-Enabled Universal Image Inpainting Mechanism against Light Patch Attackscited by 4
- 2025Beyond Vulnerabilities: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks as Both Threats and Defenses in Computer Vision Systemscited by 4
- 2024Out-of-Bounding-Box Triggers: A Stealthy Approach to Cheat Object Detectorscited by 3
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- 2023Universal Perturbation-based Secret Key-Controlled Data Hidingcited by 0
- 2024Universal Multi-view Black-box Attack against Object Detectors via Layout Optimizationcited by 0
- 2025Adversarial Wear and Tear: Exploiting Natural Damage for Generating Physical-World Adversarial Examplescited by 0
- 2026When Surfaces Lie: Exploiting Wrinkle-Induced Attention Shift to Attack Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Challenging Vision-Language Models with Physically Deployable Multimodal Semantic Lighting Attackscited by 0
- 2026Scratched Lenses, Shifted Depth: Passive Camera-Side Optical Attackscited by 0
- 2026Physically Real-time Infrared Attack against Optical Flow Estimation Networkscited by 0
- 2026ColorFD: A Finite-Difference Guided Black-Box Physical Adversarial Attack for Remote Sensing Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026ColorFD: A Finite-Difference Guided Black-Box Physical Adversarial Attack for Remote Sensing Object Detection5 Aug 2026
- 2026Physically Real-time Infrared Attack against Optical Flow Estimation Networks29 Jul 2026
- 2026Scratched Lenses, Shifted Depth: Passive Camera-Side Optical Attacks12 Jun 2026
- 2026Challenging Vision-Language Models with Physically Deployable Multimodal Semantic Lighting Attacks14 Apr 2026
- 2026When Surfaces Lie: Exploiting Wrinkle-Induced Attention Shift to Attack Vision-Language Models29 Mar 2026
- 2025Beyond Vulnerabilities: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks as Both Threats and Defenses in Computer Vision Systems3 Aug 2025
- 2025SABER: Spatially Consistent 3D Universal Adversarial Objects for BEV Detectors28 May 2025
- 2025Adversarial Wear and Tear: Exploiting Natural Damage for Generating Physical-World Adversarial Examples27 Mar 2025
- 2025UV-Attack: Physical-World Adversarial Attacks for Person Detection via Dynamic-NeRF-based UV Mapping10 Jan 2025
- 2024Breaking Barriers in Physical-World Adversarial Examples: Improving Robustness and Transferability via Robust Feature22 Dec 2024
- 2024Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition with Diverse Parameters Augmentation23 Nov 2024
- 2024Out-of-Bounding-Box Triggers: A Stealthy Approach to Cheat Object Detectors14 Oct 2024
11 more
- 2024Secure Traffic Sign Recognition: An Attention-Enabled Universal Image Inpainting Mechanism against Light Patch Attacks6 Sep 2024
- 2024Rethinking the Threat and Accessibility of Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition Systems11 Jul 2024
- 2024Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Examples by Feature Augmentation9 Jul 2024
- 2024Universal Multi-view Black-box Attack against Object Detectors via Layout Optimization9 Jul 2024
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Models27 May 2024
- 2024Machine Learning Robustness: A Primer1 Apr 2024
- 2024Rethinking Impersonation and Dodging Attacks on Face Recognition Systems17 Jan 2024
- 2023Embodied Laser Attack:Leveraging Scene Priors to Achieve Agent-based Robust Non-contact Attacks15 Dec 2023
- 2023Universal Perturbation-based Secret Key-Controlled Data Hiding3 Nov 2023
- 2023Adversarial Examples in the Physical World: A Survey1 Nov 2023
- 2023Diffusion to Confusion: Naturalistic Adversarial Patch Generation Based on Diffusion Model for Object Detector16 Jul 2023
- 2024Breaking Barriers in Physical-World Adversarial Examples: Improving Robustness and Transferability via Robust Featurecited by 13
- 2023Adversarial Examples in the Physical World: A Surveycited by 10
- 2024Machine Learning Robustness: A Primercited by 8
- 2025UV-Attack: Physical-World Adversarial Attacks for Person Detection via Dynamic-NeRF-based UV Mappingcited by 8
- 2024Rethinking Impersonation and Dodging Attacks on Face Recognition Systemscited by 7
- 2024Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Examples by Feature Augmentationcited by 5
- 2023Embodied Laser Attack:Leveraging Scene Priors to Achieve Agent-based Robust Non-contact Attackscited by 4
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Modelscited by 4
- 2024Secure Traffic Sign Recognition: An Attention-Enabled Universal Image Inpainting Mechanism against Light Patch Attackscited by 4
- 2025Beyond Vulnerabilities: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks as Both Threats and Defenses in Computer Vision Systemscited by 4
- 2024Out-of-Bounding-Box Triggers: A Stealthy Approach to Cheat Object Detectorscited by 3
- 2024Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition with Diverse Parameters Augmentationcited by 3
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026ColorFD: A Finite-Difference Guided Black-Box Physical Adversarial Attack for Remote Sensing Object Detection5 Aug 2026
- 2026Physically Real-time Infrared Attack against Optical Flow Estimation Networks29 Jul 2026
- 2026Scratched Lenses, Shifted Depth: Passive Camera-Side Optical Attacks12 Jun 2026
- 2025Beyond Vulnerabilities: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks as Both Threats and Defenses in Computer Vision Systems3 Aug 2025
- 2025SABER: Spatially Consistent 3D Universal Adversarial Objects for BEV Detectors28 May 2025
- 2025Adversarial Wear and Tear: Exploiting Natural Damage for Generating Physical-World Adversarial Examples27 Mar 2025
- 2025UV-Attack: Physical-World Adversarial Attacks for Person Detection via Dynamic-NeRF-based UV Mapping10 Jan 2025
- 2024Breaking Barriers in Physical-World Adversarial Examples: Improving Robustness and Transferability via Robust Feature22 Dec 2024
- 2024Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition with Diverse Parameters Augmentation23 Nov 2024
- 2024Out-of-Bounding-Box Triggers: A Stealthy Approach to Cheat Object Detectors14 Oct 2024
- 2024Secure Traffic Sign Recognition: An Attention-Enabled Universal Image Inpainting Mechanism against Light Patch Attacks6 Sep 2024
- 2024Rethinking the Threat and Accessibility of Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition Systems11 Jul 2024
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)