mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

LoRA.rar: Learning to Merge LoRAs via Hypernetworks for Subject-Style Conditioned Image Generation

arXiv 2412.05148 ↗First posted 6 Dec 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in image generation models have enabled personalized image creation with both user-defined subjects (content) and styles. Prior works achieved personalization by merging corresponding low-rank adapters (LoRAs) through optimization-based methods, which are computationally demanding and unsuitable for real-time use on resource-constrained devices like smartphones. To address this, we introduce LoRA.rar, a method that not only improves image quality but also achieves a remarkable speedup of over 4000× in the merging process. We collect a dataset of style and subject LoRAs and pre-train a hypernetwork on a diverse set of content-style LoRA pairs, learning an efficient merging strategy that generalizes to new, unseen content-style pairs, enabling fast, high-quality personalization. Moreover, we identify limitations in existing evaluation metrics for content-style quality and propose a new protocol using multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for more accurate assessment. Our method significantly outperforms the current state of the art in both content and style fidelity, as validated by MLLM assessments and human evaluations.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 50 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2024.

Builds on

50 of 60 references.

References · 50

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  3. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  4. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 6,013
  5. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  6. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,300
  7. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,245
  8. 2023IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,464
  9. 2022Model soups: averaging weights of multiple fine-tuned models improves accuracy without increasing inference timecited by 1,396
  10. 2022Editing Models with Task Arithmeticcited by 1,120
  11. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusioncited by 1,106
  12. 2016HyperNetworkscited by 1,027
38 more
  1. 2023TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging Modelscited by 818
  2. 2023Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunchcited by 694
  3. 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 442
  4. 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 416
  5. 2024MLLM-as-a-Judge: Assessing Multimodal LLM-as-a-Judge with Vision-Language Benchmarkcited by 372
  6. 2023SVDiff: Compact Parameter Space for Diffusion Fine-Tuningcited by 338
  7. 2023Mix-of-Show: Decentralized Low-Rank Adaptation for Multi-Concept Customization of Diffusion Modelscited by 261
  8. 2024Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunitiescited by 254
  9. 2023P+: Extended Textual Conditioning in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 242
  10. 2023HyperDreamBooth: HyperNetworks for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 225
  11. 2023Subject-driven Text-to-Image Generation via Apprenticeship Learningcited by 212
  12. 2023Encoder-based Domain Tuning for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 203
  13. 2023Key-Locked Rank One Editing for Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 194
  14. 2023ZipLoRA: Any Subject in Any Style by Effectively Merging LoRAscited by 194
  15. 2024Arcee's MergeKit: A Toolkit for Merging Large Language Modelscited by 194
  16. 2023Subject-Diffusion:Open Domain Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-time Fine-tuningcited by 191
  17. 2024Implicit Style-Content Separation using B-LoRAcited by 135
  18. 2024LLaVA-Critic: Learning to Evaluate Multimodal Modelscited by 134
  19. 2024DreamBench++: A Human-Aligned Benchmark for Personalized Image Generationcited by 131
  20. 2023Kosmos-G: Generating Images in Context with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 105
  21. 2023A Brief Review of Hypernetworks in Deep Learningcited by 102
  22. 2023Domain-Agnostic Tuning-Encoder for Fast Personalization of Text-To-Image Modelscited by 85
  23. 2023ImagenHub: Standardizing the evaluation of conditional image generation modelscited by 77
  24. 2024LoRA-Composer: Leveraging Low-Rank Adaptation for Multi-Concept Customization in Training-Free Diffusion Modelscited by 55
  25. 2024JeDi: Joint-Image Diffusion Models for Finetuning-Free Personalized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 52
  26. 2024λ-ECLIPSE: Multi-Concept Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models by Leveraging CLIP Latent Spacecited by 51
  27. 2024Model Merging and Safety Alignment: One Bad Model Spoils the Bunchcited by 43
  28. 2024VL-ICL Bench: The Devil in the Details of Multimodal In-Context Learningcited by 36
  29. 2024BootPIG: Bootstrapping Zero-shot Personalized Image Generation Capabilities in Pretrained Diffusion Modelscited by 27
  30. 2024FreeTuner: Any Subject in Any Style with Training-free Diffusioncited by 24
  31. 2023ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generationcited by 23
  32. 2023KOALA: Empirical Lessons Toward Memory-Efficient and Fast Diffusion Models for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 18
  33. 2023Controllable Textual Inversion for Personalized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 14
  34. 2024Can MLLMs Perform Text-to-Image In-Context Learning?cited by 13
  35. 2024DiffLoRA: Generating Personalized Low-Rank Adaptation Weights with Diffusioncited by 12
  36. 2024DreamCache: Finetuning-Free Lightweight Personalized Image Generation via Feature Cachingcited by 6
  37. 2024Break-for-Make: Modular Low-Rank Adaptations for Composable Content-Style Customizationcited by 5
  38. 2024Toffee: Efficient Million-Scale Dataset Construction for Subject-Driven Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 13.

19 papers.

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  1. 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
  2. 2025Keeping Yourself is Important in Downstream Tuning Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 16
  3. 2025HydraOpt: Navigating the Efficiency-Performance Trade-off of Adapter Mergingcited by 6
  4. 2025Efficient Compositional Multi-tasking for On-device Large Language Modelscited by 4
  5. 2025K-Merge: Online Continual Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Modelscited by 4
  6. 2026DiffGraph: An Automated Agent-driven Model Merging Framework for In-the-Wild Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4
  7. 2026Low-Rank Adaptation Redux for Large Modelscited by 3
  8. 2025On-device System of Compositional Multi-tasking in Large Language Modelscited by 2
  9. 2026Not All Layers Are Created Equal: Adaptive LoRA Ranks for Personalized Image Generationcited by 2
  10. 2026The Override Gap: A Magnitude Account of Knowledge Conflict Failure in Hypernetwork-Based Instant LLM Adaptationcited by 2
  11. 2026LoRA-Key: User-Centric LoRA Watermarking for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  12. 2026SSR-Merge: Subspace Signal Routing for Training-Free LoRA Merging in Diffusion Modelscited by 1
7 more
  1. 2026DuoMem: Towards Capable On-Device Memory Agents via Dual-Space Distillationcited by 1
  2. 2026Data-driven Clustering and Merging of Adapters for On-device Large Language Modelscited by 0
  3. 2026Training-Free Multi-Concept Image Editingcited by 0
  4. 2026Training-Free Multi-Concept LoRA Composition with Prompt-Aware Weightingcited by 0
  5. 2026Model Merging for Medical LVLMs: A Benchmark and a Winner-Take-All Approachcited by 0
  6. 2026DA-MergeLoRA: Hypernetwork-Based LoRA Merging for Few-Shot Test-Time Domain Adaptationcited by 0
  7. 2026SkillSmith: Learning to Compose Parametric Skills and Textual Knowledgecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024LoRA Diffusion: Zero-Shot LoRA Synthesis for Diffusion Model Personalization
  2. 2025Finetuning-Free Personalization of Text to Image Generation via Hypernetworks
  3. 2024Block-wise LoRA: Revisiting Fine-grained LoRA for Effective Personalization and Stylization in Text-to-Image Generation
  4. 2025K-LoRA: Unlocking Training-Free Fusion of Any Subject and Style LoRAs
  5. 2025TARA: Token-Aware LoRA for Composable Personalization in Diffusion Models
  6. 2025Subject or Style: Adaptive and Training-Free Mixture of LoRAs
  7. 2024A LoRA is Worth a Thousand Pictures
  8. 2025LoRAverse: A Submodular Framework to Retrieve Diverse Adapters for Diffusion Models