GLOBE-CE: A Translation-Based Approach for Global Counterfactual Explanations
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Counterfactual explanations have been widely studied in explainability, with a range of application dependent methods prominent in fairness, recourse and model understanding. The major shortcoming associated with these methods, however, is their inability to provide explanations beyond the local or instance-level. While many works touch upon the notion of a global explanation, typically suggesting to aggregate masses of local explanations in the hope of ascertaining global properties, few provide frameworks that are both reliable and computationally tractable. Meanwhile, practitioners are requesting more efficient and interactive explainability tools. We take this opportunity to propose Global & Efficient Counterfactual Explanations (GLOBE-CE), a flexible framework that tackles the reliability and scalability issues associated with current state-of-the-art, particularly on higher dimensional datasets and in the presence of continuous features. Furthermore, we provide a unique mathematical analysis of categorical feature translations, utilising it in our method. Experimental evaluation with publicly available datasets and user studies demonstrate that GLOBE-CE performs significantly better than the current state-of-the-art across multiple metrics (e.g., speed, reliability).
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 May 2023.
Builds on
23 of 45 references.
References · 23
- 2017Counterfactual Explanations without Opening the Black Box: Automated Decisions and the GDPRcited by 1,086
- 2019Explaining Machine Learning Classifiers through Diverse Counterfactual Explanationscited by 612
- 2018Explanations based on the Missing: Towards Contrastive Explanations with Pertinent Negativescited by 261
- 2019FACE: Feasible and Actionable Counterfactual Explanationscited by 232
- 2019Interpretable Counterfactual Explanations Guided by Prototypescited by 223
- 2019Preserving Causal Constraints in Counterfactual Explanations for Machine Learning Classifierscited by 143
- 2020A survey of algorithmic recourse: definitions, formulations, solutions, and prospectscited by 118
- 2019The Hidden Assumptions Behind Counterfactual Explanations and Principal Reasonscited by 115
- 2021Counterfactual Explanations Can Be Manipulatedcited by 113
- 2021Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recoursecited by 101
- 2021CARLA: A Python Library to Benchmark Algorithmic Recourse and Counterfactual Explanation Algorithmscited by 85
- 2019Explainable AI for Trees: From Local Explanations to Global Understandingcited by 64
11 more
- 2021On the Adversarial Robustness of Causal Algorithmic Recoursecited by 56
- 2022Rethinking Explainability as a Dialogue: A Practitioner's Perspectivecited by 52
- 2019Equalizing Recourse across Groupscited by 51
- 2022Robust Counterfactual Explanations for Tree-Based Ensemblescited by 49
- 2019FOCUS: Flexible Optimizable Counterfactual Explanations for Tree Ensemblescited by 43
- 2021A Survey on the Robustness of Feature Importance and Counterfactual Explanationscited by 38
- 2021Optimal Counterfactual Explanations in Tree Ensemblescited by 36
- 2018An Interpretable Model with Globally Consistent Explanations for Credit Riskcited by 33
- 2020BRPO: Batch Residual Policy Optimizationcited by 25
- 2021Diverse, Global and Amortised Counterfactual Explanations for Uncertainty Estimatescited by 19
- 2020Explaining Groups of Points in Low-Dimensional Representationscited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 7.
27 papers.
Sort:
- 2023Fairness Aware Counterfactuals for Subgroupscited by 8
- 2024Counterfactual Metarules for Local and Global Recoursecited by 7
- 2024Distributional Counterfactual Explanations With Optimal Transportcited by 6
- 2024GLANCE: Global Actions in a Nutshell for Counterfactual Explainabilitycited by 6
- 2024A Two-Stage Algorithm for Cost-Efficient Multi-instance Counterfactual Explanationscited by 5
- 2024Unifying Perspectives: Plausible Counterfactual Explanations on Global, Group-wise, and Local Levelscited by 5
- 2024On Explaining Unfairness: An Overviewcited by 3
- 2024FACEGroup: Feasible and Actionable Counterfactual Explanations for Group Fairnesscited by 3
- 2023Explaining and visualizing black-box models through counterfactual pathscited by 2
- 2025Explanations as Bias Detectors: A Critical Study of Local Post-hoc XAI Methods for Fairness Explorationcited by 2
- 2025Explaining Concept Drift through the Evolution of Group Counterfactualscited by 2
- 2024One-for-many Counterfactual Explanations by Column Generationcited by 1
15 more
- 2024Learning Actionable Counterfactual Explanations in Large State Spacescited by 1
- 2025Understanding Fixed Predictions via Confined Regionscited by 1
- 2025Fast Fourier Correlation is a Highly Efficient and Accurate Feature Attribution Algorithm from the Perspective of Control Theory and Game Theorycited by 1
- 2025COMRECGC: Global Graph Counterfactual Explainer through Common Recoursecited by 1
- 2026Fair Recourse for All: Ensuring Individual and Group Fairness in Counterfactual Explanationscited by 1
- 2026DISCOVER: A Solver for Distributional Counterfactual Explanationscited by 1
- 2024Global Graph Counterfactual Explanation: A Subgraph Mapping Approachcited by 0
- 2024Comprehensive and Reliable Feature Attribution for Diverse Modalities and Models via Frequency-Domain Insightscited by 0
- 2025Learning Counterfactual Outcomes Under Rank Preservationcited by 0
- 2025Guided Data Generation for Understanding Model Behaviorcited by 0
- 2026xai-cola: A Python library for sparsifying counterfactual explanationscited by 0
- 2026Revealing Positive and Negative Role Models to Help People Make Good Decisionscited by 0
- 2026GALACTIC: Global and Local Agnostic Counterfactuals for Time-series Clusteringcited by 0
- 2026Optimal Recourse Summaries via Bi-Objective Decision Tree Learningcited by 0
- 2026CEL: Comprehensive Counterfactual Explanations Library and Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026CEL: Comprehensive Counterfactual Explanations Library and Benchmark24 Jul 2026
- 2026Optimal Recourse Summaries via Bi-Objective Decision Tree Learning8 May 2026
- 2026DISCOVER: A Solver for Distributional Counterfactual Explanations17 Mar 2026
- 2026GALACTIC: Global and Local Agnostic Counterfactuals for Time-series Clustering5 Mar 2026
- 2026Revealing Positive and Negative Role Models to Help People Make Good Decisions3 Mar 2026
- 2026xai-cola: A Python library for sparsifying counterfactual explanations25 Feb 2026
- 2026Fair Recourse for All: Ensuring Individual and Group Fairness in Counterfactual Explanations28 Jan 2026
- 2025Explaining Concept Drift through the Evolution of Group Counterfactuals11 Sep 2025
- 2025COMRECGC: Global Graph Counterfactual Explainer through Common Recourse11 May 2025
- 2025Explanations as Bias Detectors: A Critical Study of Local Post-hoc XAI Methods for Fairness Exploration1 May 2025
- 2025Fast Fourier Correlation is a Highly Efficient and Accurate Feature Attribution Algorithm from the Perspective of Control Theory and Game Theory2 Apr 2025
- 2025Understanding Fixed Predictions via Confined Regions22 Feb 2025
15 more
- 2025Guided Data Generation for Understanding Model Behavior10 Feb 2025
- 2025Learning Counterfactual Outcomes Under Rank Preservation10 Feb 2025
- 2024Comprehensive and Reliable Feature Attribution for Diverse Modalities and Models via Frequency-Domain Insights27 Nov 2024
- 2024FACEGroup: Feasible and Actionable Counterfactual Explanations for Group Fairness29 Oct 2024
- 2024Global Graph Counterfactual Explanation: A Subgraph Mapping Approach25 Oct 2024
- 2024GLANCE: Global Actions in a Nutshell for Counterfactual Explainability29 May 2024
- 2024Counterfactual Metarules for Local and Global Recourse29 May 2024
- 2024Unifying Perspectives: Plausible Counterfactual Explanations on Global, Group-wise, and Local Levels27 May 2024
- 2024Learning Actionable Counterfactual Explanations in Large State Spaces25 Apr 2024
- 2024A Two-Stage Algorithm for Cost-Efficient Multi-instance Counterfactual Explanations2 Mar 2024
- 2024On Explaining Unfairness: An Overview16 Feb 2024
- 2024One-for-many Counterfactual Explanations by Column Generation12 Feb 2024
- 2024Distributional Counterfactual Explanations With Optimal Transport23 Jan 2024
- 2023Explaining and visualizing black-box models through counterfactual paths15 Jul 2023
- 2023Fairness Aware Counterfactuals for Subgroups26 Jun 2023
- 2023Fairness Aware Counterfactuals for Subgroupscited by 8
- 2024Counterfactual Metarules for Local and Global Recoursecited by 7
- 2024Distributional Counterfactual Explanations With Optimal Transportcited by 6
- 2024GLANCE: Global Actions in a Nutshell for Counterfactual Explainabilitycited by 6
- 2024A Two-Stage Algorithm for Cost-Efficient Multi-instance Counterfactual Explanationscited by 5
- 2024Unifying Perspectives: Plausible Counterfactual Explanations on Global, Group-wise, and Local Levelscited by 5
- 2024On Explaining Unfairness: An Overviewcited by 3
- 2024FACEGroup: Feasible and Actionable Counterfactual Explanations for Group Fairnesscited by 3
- 2023Explaining and visualizing black-box models through counterfactual pathscited by 2
- 2025Explanations as Bias Detectors: A Critical Study of Local Post-hoc XAI Methods for Fairness Explorationcited by 2
- 2025Explaining Concept Drift through the Evolution of Group Counterfactualscited by 2
- 2024One-for-many Counterfactual Explanations by Column Generationcited by 1
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2026CEL: Comprehensive Counterfactual Explanations Library and Benchmark24 Jul 2026
- 2026Optimal Recourse Summaries via Bi-Objective Decision Tree Learning8 May 2026
- 2026DISCOVER: A Solver for Distributional Counterfactual Explanations17 Mar 2026
- 2026GALACTIC: Global and Local Agnostic Counterfactuals for Time-series Clustering5 Mar 2026
- 2026Revealing Positive and Negative Role Models to Help People Make Good Decisions3 Mar 2026
- 2026xai-cola: A Python library for sparsifying counterfactual explanations25 Feb 2026
- 2026Fair Recourse for All: Ensuring Individual and Group Fairness in Counterfactual Explanations28 Jan 2026
- 2025Explaining Concept Drift through the Evolution of Group Counterfactuals11 Sep 2025
- 2025COMRECGC: Global Graph Counterfactual Explainer through Common Recourse11 May 2025
- 2025Explanations as Bias Detectors: A Critical Study of Local Post-hoc XAI Methods for Fairness Exploration1 May 2025
- 2025Fast Fourier Correlation is a Highly Efficient and Accurate Feature Attribution Algorithm from the Perspective of Control Theory and Game Theory2 Apr 2025
- 2025Understanding Fixed Predictions via Confined Regions22 Feb 2025
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)