mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FIREBALL: A Dataset of Dungeons and Dragons Actual-Play with Structured Game State Information

arXiv 2305.01528 ↗First posted 2 May 2023cs.CL cs.AIcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) is a tabletop roleplaying game with complex natural language interactions between players and hidden state information. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) that have access to state information can generate higher quality game turns than LLMs that use dialog history alone. However, previous work used game state information that was heuristically created and was not a true gold standard game state. We present FIREBALL, a large dataset containing nearly 25,000 unique sessions from real D&D gameplay on Discord with true game state info. We recorded game play sessions of players who used the Avrae bot, which was developed to aid people in playing D&D online, capturing language, game commands and underlying game state information. We demonstrate that FIREBALL can improve natural language generation (NLG) by using Avrae state information, improving both automated metrics and human judgments of quality. Additionally, we show that LLMs can generate executable Avrae commands, particularly after finetuning.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 May 2023.

Builds on

9 of 48 references.

References · 9

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  3. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  4. 2020Towards a Human-like Open-Domain Chatbotcited by 467
  5. 2018NL2Bash: A Corpus and Semantic Parser for Natural Language Interface to the Linux Operating Systemcited by 97
  6. 2022Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligencecited by 35
  7. 2016Neural Generation of Regular Expressions from Natural Language with Minimal Domain Knowledgecited by 24
  8. 2020Decoding Methods for Neural Narrative Generationcited by 18
  9. 2021Telling Stories through Multi-User Dialogue by Modeling Character Relationscited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

18 papers.

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  1. 2024GTBench: Uncovering the Strategic Reasoning Limitations of LLMs via Game-Theoretic Evaluationscited by 118
  2. 2025Oolong: Evaluating Long Context Reasoning and Aggregation Capabilitiescited by 33
  3. 2023Interactive Natural Language Processingcited by 31
  4. 2023CALYPSO: LLMs as Dungeon Masters' Assistantscited by 23
  5. 2024Large Language Models and Video Games: A Preliminary Scoping Reviewcited by 23
  6. 2023PIPPA: A Partially Synthetic Conversational Datasetcited by 6
  7. 2024AgentGroupChat: An Interactive Group Chat Simulacra For Better Eliciting Emergent Behaviorcited by 6
  8. 2023Tachikuma: Understading Complex Interactions with Multi-Character and Novel Objects by Large Language Modelscited by 5
  9. 2024You Have Thirteen Hours in Which to Solve the Labyrinth: Enhancing AI Game Masters with Function Callingcited by 4
  10. 2023Skill Check: Some Considerations on the Evaluation of Gamemastering Models for Role-playing Gamescited by 3
  11. 2025Reinforcement Learning Environment with LLM-Controlled Adversary in D&D 5th Edition Combatcited by 3
  12. 2024AntEval: Evaluation of Social Interaction Competencies in LLM-Driven Agentscited by 2
6 more
  1. 2024Using Natural Language Inference to Improve Persona Extraction from Dialogue in a New Domaincited by 2
  2. 2024Large Language Model based Situational Dialogues for Second Language Learningcited by 1
  3. 2025Collaborative Storytelling and LLM: A Linguistic Analysis of Automatically-Generated Role-Playing Game Sessionscited by 1
  4. 2025Shall We Play a Game? Language Models for Open-ended Wargamescited by 1
  5. 2026Assessing Rule Adherence of LLM Adjudicators in Call of Cthulhu TRPGcited by 0
  6. 2026DungeonBench: A Benchmark for Rules-Rich Tactical Reasoning in Dungeons & Dragons Combatcited by 0