Density-Insensitive Unsupervised Domain Adaption on 3D Object Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D object detection from point clouds is crucial in safety-critical autonomous driving. Although many works have made great efforts and achieved significant progress on this task, most of them suffer from expensive annotation cost and poor transferability to unknown data due to the domain gap. Recently, few works attempt to tackle the domain gap in objects, but still fail to adapt to the gap of varying beam-densities between two domains, which is critical to mitigate the characteristic differences of the LiDAR collectors. To this end, we make the attempt to propose a density-insensitive domain adaption framework to address the density-induced domain gap. In particular, we first introduce Random Beam Re-Sampling (RBRS) to enhance the robustness of 3D detectors trained on the source domain to the varying beam-density. Then, we take this pre-trained detector as the backbone model, and feed the unlabeled target domain data into our newly designed task-specific teacher-student framework for predicting its high-quality pseudo labels. To further adapt the property of density-insensitivity into the target domain, we feed the teacher and student branches with the same sample of different densities, and propose an Object Graph Alignment (OGA) module to construct two object-graphs between the two branches for enforcing the consistency in both the attribute and relation of cross-density objects. Experimental results on three widely adopted 3D object detection datasets demonstrate that our proposed domain adaption method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, especially over varying-density data. Code is available at https://github.com/WoodwindHu/DTS}{https://github.com/WoodwindHu/DTS.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2023.
Builds on
49 of 70 references.
References · 49
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37 more
- 2018AutoAugment: Learning Augmentation Policies from Datacited by 728
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
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- 2018Strong-Weak Distribution Alignment for Adaptive Object Detectioncited by 269
- 2020Unbiased Mean Teacher for Cross-domain Object Detectioncited by 158
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- 2020Train in Germany, Test in The USA: Making 3D Object Detectors Generalizecited by 150
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 12; 2025: 9; 2026: 5.
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- 2023A Survey of Label-Efficient Deep Learning for 3D Point Cloudscited by 20
- 2024RoboFusion: Towards Robust Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection via SAMcited by 20
- 2025Perspective-Invariant 3D Object Detectioncited by 16
- 2023MS3D++: Ensemble of Experts for Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2024Unified Domain Generalization and Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2024UADA3D: Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection with Sparse LiDAR and Large Domain Gapscited by 12
- 2024PCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-Task Point Cloud Understandingcited by 11
- 20233DHacker: Spectrum-based Decision Boundary Generation for Hard-label 3D Point Cloud Attackcited by 9
- 2023Rethinking LiDAR Domain Generalization: Single Source as Multiple Density Domainscited by 7
- 2024Pseudo Label Refinery for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Cross-dataset 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Domain Generalization of 3D Object Detection by Density-Resamplingcited by 6
- 2024STAL3D: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection via Collaborating Self-Training and Adversarial Learningcited by 6
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- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectivescited by 4
- 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 3
- 2025PSA-SSL: Pose and Size-aware Self-Supervised Learning on LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 3
- 2025GBlobs: Explicit Local Structure via Gaussian Blobs for Improved Cross-Domain LiDAR-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Co-STAR: Collaborative Curriculum Self-Training with Adaptive Regularization for Source-Free Video Domain Adaptationcited by 2
- 2024Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Using Target-Oriented Domain Augmentation for 3D Object Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Improving Generalization Ability for 3D Object Detection by Learning Sparsity-invariant Featurescited by 1
- 2026RESOLVE: A Multi-Resolution and Multi-Modal Dataset for Roadside Cooperative Perceptioncited by 1
- 2024Finetuning Pre-trained Model with Limited Data for LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection by Bridging Domain Gapscited by 0
- 2024Hard-Label Black-Box Attacks on 3D Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2025An Investigation of Beam Density on LiDAR Object Detection Performancecited by 0
- 2025CornerPoint3D: Look at the Nearest Corner Instead of the Centercited by 0
- 2025Domain Adaptation for Different Sensor Configurations in 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Towards Robust Cross-Dataset Object Detection Generalization under Domain Specificitycited by 0
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026WILD SAM: A Simulated-and-Real Data Augmentation for Autonomous Driving Perception under Challenging Weathercited by 0
- 2026SimFuse3D: Source-Guided Target Simulation and Confidence-Guided Multi-Stage Localization Reweighting for Cross-Platform 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026SimFuse3D: Source-Guided Target Simulation and Confidence-Guided Multi-Stage Localization Reweighting for Cross-Platform 3D Object Detection4 Sep 2026
- 2026RESOLVE: A Multi-Resolution and Multi-Modal Dataset for Roadside Cooperative Perception30 Jun 2026
- 2026WILD SAM: A Simulated-and-Real Data Augmentation for Autonomous Driving Perception under Challenging Weather1 May 2026
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Cross-Dataset Object Detection Generalization under Domain Specificity14 Jan 2026
- 2025Domain Adaptation for Different Sensor Configurations in 3D Object Detection4 Sep 2025
- 2025Perspective-Invariant 3D Object Detection23 Jul 2025
- 2025Co-STAR: Collaborative Curriculum Self-Training with Adaptive Regularization for Source-Free Video Domain Adaptation15 Apr 2025
- 2025CornerPoint3D: Look at the Nearest Corner Instead of the Center3 Apr 2025
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives24 Mar 2025
- 2025An Investigation of Beam Density on LiDAR Object Detection Performance19 Mar 2025
- 2025PSA-SSL: Pose and Size-aware Self-Supervised Learning on LiDAR Point Clouds18 Mar 2025
19 more
- 2025GBlobs: Explicit Local Structure via Gaussian Blobs for Improved Cross-Domain LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection11 Mar 2025
- 2025Improving Generalization Ability for 3D Object Detection by Learning Sparsity-invariant Features4 Feb 2025
- 2024DALI: Domain Adaptive LiDAR Object Detection via Distribution-level and Instance-level Pseudo Label Denoising11 Dec 2024
- 2024Hard-Label Black-Box Attacks on 3D Point Clouds30 Nov 2024
- 2024PCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-Task Point Cloud Understanding1 Nov 2024
- 2024Unified Domain Generalization and Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection29 Oct 2024
- 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Grounding21 Oct 2024
- 2024Finetuning Pre-trained Model with Limited Data for LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection by Bridging Domain Gaps2 Oct 2024
- 2024Detect Closer Surfaces that can be Seen: New Modeling and Evaluation in Cross-domain 3D Object Detection4 Jul 2024
- 2024STAL3D: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection via Collaborating Self-Training and Adversarial Learning27 Jun 2024
- 2024Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Using Target-Oriented Domain Augmentation for 3D Object Detection17 Jun 2024
- 2024Pseudo Label Refinery for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Cross-dataset 3D Object Detection30 Apr 2024
- 2024UADA3D: Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection with Sparse LiDAR and Large Domain Gaps26 Mar 2024
- 2024RoboFusion: Towards Robust Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection via SAM8 Jan 2024
- 2023Rethinking LiDAR Domain Generalization: Single Source as Multiple Density Domains19 Dec 2023
- 2023Domain Generalization of 3D Object Detection by Density-Resampling17 Nov 2023
- 20233DHacker: Spectrum-based Decision Boundary Generation for Hard-label 3D Point Cloud Attack15 Aug 2023
- 2023MS3D++: Ensemble of Experts for Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in 3D Object Detection11 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey of Label-Efficient Deep Learning for 3D Point Clouds31 May 2023
- 2025Perspective-Invariant 3D Object Detectioncited by 16
- 2025Perspective-Invariant 3D Object Detection23 Jul 2025
- 2023A Survey of Label-Efficient Deep Learning for 3D Point Cloudscited by 20
- 2024RoboFusion: Towards Robust Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection via SAMcited by 20
- 2023MS3D++: Ensemble of Experts for Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2024Unified Domain Generalization and Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2024UADA3D: Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection with Sparse LiDAR and Large Domain Gapscited by 12
- 2024PCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-Task Point Cloud Understandingcited by 11
- 20233DHacker: Spectrum-based Decision Boundary Generation for Hard-label 3D Point Cloud Attackcited by 9
- 2023Rethinking LiDAR Domain Generalization: Single Source as Multiple Density Domainscited by 7
- 2024Pseudo Label Refinery for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Cross-dataset 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Domain Generalization of 3D Object Detection by Density-Resamplingcited by 6
- 2024STAL3D: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection via Collaborating Self-Training and Adversarial Learningcited by 6
- 2024Detect Closer Surfaces that can be Seen: New Modeling and Evaluation in Cross-domain 3D Object Detectioncited by 4
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- 2026SimFuse3D: Source-Guided Target Simulation and Confidence-Guided Multi-Stage Localization Reweighting for Cross-Platform 3D Object Detection4 Sep 2026
- 2026RESOLVE: A Multi-Resolution and Multi-Modal Dataset for Roadside Cooperative Perception30 Jun 2026
- 2026WILD SAM: A Simulated-and-Real Data Augmentation for Autonomous Driving Perception under Challenging Weather1 May 2026
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Cross-Dataset Object Detection Generalization under Domain Specificity14 Jan 2026
- 2025Domain Adaptation for Different Sensor Configurations in 3D Object Detection4 Sep 2025
- 2025CornerPoint3D: Look at the Nearest Corner Instead of the Center3 Apr 2025
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives24 Mar 2025
- 2025An Investigation of Beam Density on LiDAR Object Detection Performance19 Mar 2025
- 2025PSA-SSL: Pose and Size-aware Self-Supervised Learning on LiDAR Point Clouds18 Mar 2025
- 2025GBlobs: Explicit Local Structure via Gaussian Blobs for Improved Cross-Domain LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection11 Mar 2025
- 2025Improving Generalization Ability for 3D Object Detection by Learning Sparsity-invariant Features4 Feb 2025
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)