Large Language Models are Diverse Role-Players for Summarization Evaluation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing metrics and human evaluation. A document summary's quality can be assessed by human annotators on various criteria, both objective ones like grammar and correctness, and subjective ones like informativeness, succinctness, and appeal. Most of the automatic evaluation methods like BLUE/ROUGE may be not able to adequately capture the above dimensions. In this paper, we propose a new evaluation framework based on LLMs, which provides a comprehensive evaluation framework by comparing generated text and reference text from both objective and subjective aspects. First, we propose to model objective and subjective dimensions of generated text based on roleplayers prompting mechanism. Furthermore, we introduce a context-based prompting mechanism that is able to generate dynamic roleplayer profiles based on input context. Finally, we design a multi-roleplayer prompting technology based on batch prompting and integrate multiple outputs into the final evaluation results. Experimental results on three real datasets for summarization show that our model is highly competitive and has a very high consistency with human annotators.
Key facts. Cited by 62 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2023.
Builds on
15 of 25 references.
References · 15
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
- 2021Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 1,462
- 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,397
- 2018Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarizationcited by 1,308
- 2015Teaching Machines to Read and Comprehendcited by 1,039
- 2016Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyondcited by 809
- 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 666
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 10; 2024: 30; 2025: 11; 2026: 11.
62 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 1,143
- 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
- 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 480
- 2023Better Zero-Shot Reasoning with Role-Play Promptingcited by 220
- 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 203
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Process-Oriented Automatic Text Summarization with Exploration of LLM-Based Methodscited by 101
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challengescited by 71
- 2023Large Language Models are Not Yet Human-Level Evaluators for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 70
- 2023Is GPT-4 a Good Data Analyst?cited by 69
- 2023CodeTransOcean: A Comprehensive Multilingual Benchmark for Code Translationcited by 55
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Text Summarization: From Statistical Methods to Large Language Modelscited by 52
- 2023Rethinking the Evaluation for Conversational Recommendation in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 48
38 more
- 2024Auto-Arena: Automating LLM Evaluations with Agent Peer Battles and Committee Discussionscited by 40
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challengescited by 37
- 2024Large Language Models Offer an Alternative to the Traditional Approach of Topic Modellingcited by 35
- 2024LLM Harmony: Multi-Agent Communication for Problem Solvingcited by 34
- 2024Large Language Models for Anomaly and Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Surveycited by 24
- 2024CLAVE: An Adaptive Framework for Evaluating Values of LLM Generated Responsescited by 23
- 2024Debatrix: Multi-dimensional Debate Judge with Iterative Chronological Analysis Based on LLMcited by 21
- 2024Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretabilitycited by 19
- 2023Towards Better Evaluation of Instruction-Following: A Case-Study in Summarizationcited by 18
- 2024The SIFo Benchmark: Investigating the Sequential Instruction Following Ability of Large Language Modelscited by 18
- 2024PersonaFlow: Designing LLM-Simulated Expert Perspectives for Enhanced Research Ideationcited by 16
- 2025Literature Review Of Multi-Agent Debate For Problem-Solvingcited by 15
- 2026Agent-as-a-Judgecited by 15
- 2024A Comparative Study of Quality Evaluation Methods for Text Summarizationcited by 13
- 2025Reassessing Extractive QA Datasets at Scale: LLM-as-a-Judge and In-Depth Analysescited by 13
- 2024Self-Prompt Tuning: Enable Autonomous Role-Playing in LLMscited by 12
- 2025A Survey on Transformer Context Extension: Approaches and Evaluationcited by 11
- 2024Role Prompting Guided Domain Adaptation with General Capability Preserve for Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2024Iris: An AI-Driven Virtual Tutor For Computer Science Educationcited by 9
- 2025Adaptive-VP: A Framework for LLM-Based Virtual Patients that Adapts to Trainees' Dialogue to Facilitate Nurse Communication Trainingcited by 9
- 2025Benchmarking is Broken -- Don't Let AI be its Own Judgecited by 7
- 2023Learning Evaluation Models from Large Language Models for Sequence Generationcited by 6
- 2023Improving Factual Consistency of News Summarization by Contrastive Preference Optimizationcited by 6
- 2024From Paper to Card: Transforming Design Implications with Generative AIcited by 6
- 2024Flaming-hot Initiation with Regular Execution Sampling for Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2025How Managers Perceive AI-Assisted Conversational Training for Workplace Communicationcited by 5
- 2024Navigating Complexity: Orchestrated Problem Solving with Multi-Agent LLMscited by 4
- 2024KAHANI: Culturally-Nuanced Visual Storytelling Tool for Non-Western Culturescited by 4
- 2025A Sequential Optimal Learning Approach to Automated Prompt Engineering in Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026PeerPrism: Peer Evaluation Expertise vs Review-writing AIcited by 4
- 2024RouteExplainer: An Explanation Framework for Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 3
- 2024Optimal Decision Making Through Scenario Simulations Using Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2024Speech vs. Transcript: Does It Matter for Human Annotators in Speech Summarization?cited by 3
- 2024A Scalable Data-Driven Framework for Systematic Analysis of SEC 10-K Filings Using Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026Conformal Agent Error Attributioncited by 3
- 2024Leveraging language models for summarizing mental state examinations: A comprehensive evaluation and dataset releasecited by 2
- 2026Enhancing Research Idea Generation through Combinatorial Innovation and Multi-Agent Iterative Search Strategiescited by 2
- 2024On the Decision-Making Abilities in Role-Playing using Large Language Modelscited by 1
50 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2026MetaSteer: Context-Conditioned, nonlinear Steering via Attention-Projection Adaptation30 Sep 2026
- 2026From Policy Documents to Structured Survey Responses: Evaluating Large Language Models for Policy Monitoring24 Sep 2026
- 2026LLJ Cards: Best practices for the Use of LLMs as Judges21 Sep 2026
- 2026Explain Like I'm 5 or Whatever I Choose: Evaluating the Interactive Potential of Language Model Responses5 Jun 2026
- 2026Conformal Agent Error Attribution7 May 2026
- 2026Enhancing Research Idea Generation through Combinatorial Innovation and Multi-Agent Iterative Search Strategies22 Apr 2026
- 2026Evaluating Multi-Hop Reasoning in RAG Systems: A Comparison of LLM-Based Retriever Evaluation Strategies20 Apr 2026
- 2026PeerPrism: Peer Evaluation Expertise vs Review-writing AI16 Apr 2026
- 2026DIAL-SUMMER: A Structured Evaluation Framework of Hierarchical Errors in Dialogue Summaries8 Feb 2026
- 2026Agent-as-a-Judge8 Jan 2026
- 2026Computational Compliance for AI Regulation: Blueprint for a New Research Domain8 Jan 2026
- 2025OPOR-Bench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Online Public Opinion Report Generation1 Dec 2025
38 more
- 2025Deflanderization for Game Dialogue: Balancing Character Authenticity with Task Execution in LLM-based NPCs15 Oct 2025
- 2025Benchmarking is Broken -- Don't Let AI be its Own Judge8 Oct 2025
- 2025Adaptive-VP: A Framework for LLM-Based Virtual Patients that Adapts to Trainees' Dialogue to Facilitate Nurse Communication Training31 May 2025
- 2025Literature Review Of Multi-Agent Debate For Problem-Solving29 May 2025
- 2025How Managers Perceive AI-Assisted Conversational Training for Workplace Communication20 May 2025
- 2025Automated Meta Prompt Engineering for Alignment with the Theory of Mind13 May 2025
- 2025Reassessing Extractive QA Datasets at Scale: LLM-as-a-Judge and In-Depth Analyses16 Apr 2025
- 2025A Survey on Transformer Context Extension: Approaches and Evaluation17 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhancing Patient-Centric Communication: Leveraging LLMs to Simulate Patient Perspectives12 Jan 2025
- 2025A Sequential Optimal Learning Approach to Automated Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models7 Jan 2025
- 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judge25 Nov 2024
- 2024Flaming-hot Initiation with Regular Execution Sampling for Large Language Models28 Oct 2024
- 2024KAHANI: Culturally-Nuanced Visual Storytelling Tool for Non-Western Cultures25 Oct 2024
- 2024A Scalable Data-Driven Framework for Systematic Analysis of SEC 10-K Filings Using Large Language Models26 Sep 2024
- 2024PersonaFlow: Designing LLM-Simulated Expert Perspectives for Enhanced Research Ideation19 Sep 2024
- 2024Large Language Models for Anomaly and Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Survey3 Sep 2024
- 2024Estimating Contribution Quality in Online Deliberations Using a Large Language Model21 Aug 2024
- 2024Speech vs. Transcript: Does It Matter for Human Annotators in Speech Summarization?12 Aug 2024
- 2024CLAVE: An Adaptive Framework for Evaluating Values of LLM Generated Responses15 Jul 2024
- 2024Self-Prompt Tuning: Enable Autonomous Role-Playing in LLMs12 Jul 2024
- 2024Optimal Decision Making Through Scenario Simulations Using Large Language Models9 Jul 2024
- 2024A Comparative Study of Quality Evaluation Methods for Text Summarization30 Jun 2024
- 2024The SIFo Benchmark: Investigating the Sequential Instruction Following Ability of Large Language Models28 Jun 2024
- 2024Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretability26 Jun 2024
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Text Summarization: From Statistical Methods to Large Language Models17 Jun 2024
- 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalization3 Jun 2024
- 2024Auto-Arena: Automating LLM Evaluations with Agent Peer Battles and Committee Discussions30 May 2024
- 2024Iris: An AI-Driven Virtual Tutor For Computer Science Education9 May 2024
- 2024Leveraging language models for summarizing mental state examinations: A comprehensive evaluation and dataset release29 Mar 2024
- 2024Large Language Models Offer an Alternative to the Traditional Approach of Topic Modelling24 Mar 2024
- 2024From Paper to Card: Transforming Design Implications with Generative AI12 Mar 2024
- 2024Debatrix: Multi-dimensional Debate Judge with Iterative Chronological Analysis Based on LLM12 Mar 2024
- 2024RouteExplainer: An Explanation Framework for Vehicle Routing Problem6 Mar 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Process-Oriented Automatic Text Summarization with Exploration of LLM-Based Methods5 Mar 2024
- 2024Role Prompting Guided Domain Adaptation with General Capability Preserve for Large Language Models5 Mar 2024
- 2024On the Decision-Making Abilities in Role-Playing using Large Language Models29 Feb 2024
- 2024Navigating Complexity: Orchestrated Problem Solving with Multi-Agent LLMs26 Feb 2024
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challenges2 Feb 2024
50 newest of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
- 2024Auto-Arena: Automating LLM Evaluations with Agent Peer Battles and Committee Discussionscited by 40
- 2024LLM Harmony: Multi-Agent Communication for Problem Solvingcited by 34
- 2025Literature Review Of Multi-Agent Debate For Problem-Solvingcited by 15
- 2026Agent-as-a-Judgecited by 15
- 2024Navigating Complexity: Orchestrated Problem Solving with Multi-Agent LLMscited by 4
- 2026Conformal Agent Error Attributioncited by 3
- 2026Enhancing Research Idea Generation through Combinatorial Innovation and Multi-Agent Iterative Search Strategiescited by 2
- 2026Conformal Agent Error Attribution7 May 2026
- 2026Enhancing Research Idea Generation through Combinatorial Innovation and Multi-Agent Iterative Search Strategies22 Apr 2026
- 2026Agent-as-a-Judge8 Jan 2026
- 2025Literature Review Of Multi-Agent Debate For Problem-Solving29 May 2025
- 2024Auto-Arena: Automating LLM Evaluations with Agent Peer Battles and Committee Discussions30 May 2024
- 2024Navigating Complexity: Orchestrated Problem Solving with Multi-Agent LLMs26 Feb 2024
- 2024LLM Harmony: Multi-Agent Communication for Problem Solving2 Jan 2024
- 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debate14 Aug 2023
- 2023Better Zero-Shot Reasoning with Role-Play Promptingcited by 220
- 2023Large Language Models are Not Yet Human-Level Evaluators for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 70
- 2023Rethinking the Evaluation for Conversational Recommendation in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 48
- 2026Evaluating Multi-Hop Reasoning in RAG Systems: A Comparison of LLM-Based Retriever Evaluation Strategiescited by 1
- 2026Evaluating Multi-Hop Reasoning in RAG Systems: A Comparison of LLM-Based Retriever Evaluation Strategies20 Apr 2026
- 2023Better Zero-Shot Reasoning with Role-Play Prompting15 Aug 2023
- 2023Rethinking the Evaluation for Conversational Recommendation in the Era of Large Language Models22 May 2023
- 2023Large Language Models are Not Yet Human-Level Evaluators for Abstractive Summarization22 May 2023
- 2023Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 1,143
- 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 480
- 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 203
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Process-Oriented Automatic Text Summarization with Exploration of LLM-Based Methodscited by 101
- 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challengescited by 71
- 2023Is GPT-4 a Good Data Analyst?cited by 69
- 2023CodeTransOcean: A Comprehensive Multilingual Benchmark for Code Translationcited by 55
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Text Summarization: From Statistical Methods to Large Language Modelscited by 52
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challengescited by 37
- 2024Large Language Models Offer an Alternative to the Traditional Approach of Topic Modellingcited by 35
- 2024Large Language Models for Anomaly and Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Surveycited by 24
- 2024CLAVE: An Adaptive Framework for Evaluating Values of LLM Generated Responsescited by 23
12 most cited of 49 All 49 (JSON)
- 2026MetaSteer: Context-Conditioned, nonlinear Steering via Attention-Projection Adaptation30 Sep 2026
- 2026From Policy Documents to Structured Survey Responses: Evaluating Large Language Models for Policy Monitoring24 Sep 2026
- 2026LLJ Cards: Best practices for the Use of LLMs as Judges21 Sep 2026
- 2026Explain Like I'm 5 or Whatever I Choose: Evaluating the Interactive Potential of Language Model Responses5 Jun 2026
- 2026PeerPrism: Peer Evaluation Expertise vs Review-writing AI16 Apr 2026
- 2026DIAL-SUMMER: A Structured Evaluation Framework of Hierarchical Errors in Dialogue Summaries8 Feb 2026
- 2026Computational Compliance for AI Regulation: Blueprint for a New Research Domain8 Jan 2026
- 2025OPOR-Bench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Online Public Opinion Report Generation1 Dec 2025
- 2025Deflanderization for Game Dialogue: Balancing Character Authenticity with Task Execution in LLM-based NPCs15 Oct 2025
- 2025Benchmarking is Broken -- Don't Let AI be its Own Judge8 Oct 2025
- 2025Adaptive-VP: A Framework for LLM-Based Virtual Patients that Adapts to Trainees' Dialogue to Facilitate Nurse Communication Training31 May 2025
- 2025How Managers Perceive AI-Assisted Conversational Training for Workplace Communication20 May 2025
12 newest of 49 All 49 (JSON)