mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Feature Separation and Recalibration for Adversarial Robustness

arXiv 2303.13846 ↗First posted 24 Mar 2023cs.CVcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial attacks due to the accumulation of perturbations in the feature level, and numerous works have boosted model robustness by deactivating the non-robust feature activations that cause model mispredictions. However, we claim that these malicious activations still contain discriminative cues and that with recalibration, they can capture additional useful information for correct model predictions. To this end, we propose a novel, easy-to-plugin approach named Feature Separation and Recalibration (FSR) that recalibrates the malicious, non-robust activations for more robust feature maps through Separation and Recalibration. The Separation part disentangles the input feature map into the robust feature with activations that help the model make correct predictions and the non-robust feature with activations that are responsible for model mispredictions upon adversarial attack. The Recalibration part then adjusts the non-robust activations to restore the potentially useful cues for model predictions. Extensive experiments verify the superiority of FSR compared to traditional deactivation techniques and demonstrate that it improves the robustness of existing adversarial training methods by up to 8.57% with small computational overhead. Codes are available at https://github.com/wkim97/FSR.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 52 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2023.

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52 of 61 references.

References · 52

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  3. 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,287
  4. 2016Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localizationcited by 6,690
  5. 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,326
  6. 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,114
  7. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
  8. 2016Wide Residual Networkscited by 3,057
  9. 2016Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networkscited by 2,976
  10. 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,708
  11. 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,489
  12. 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,838
38 more
  1. 2019Theoretically Principled Trade-off between Robustness and Accuracycited by 1,510
  2. 2020Reliable evaluation of adversarial robustness with an ensemble of diverse parameter-free attackscited by 1,442
  3. 2018Obfuscated Gradients Give a False Sense of Security: Circumventing Defenses to Adversarial Examplescited by 1,259
  4. 2019Adversarial Examples Are Not Bugs, They Are Featurescited by 950
  5. 2016Practical Black-Box Attacks against Machine Learningcited by 893
  6. 2019Square Attack: a query-efficient black-box adversarial attack via random searchcited by 682
  7. 2015Distillation as a Defense to Adversarial Perturbations against Deep Neural Networkscited by 675
  8. 2018Improving Transferability of Adversarial Examples with Input Diversitycited by 591
  9. 2020On Adaptive Attacks to Adversarial Example Defensescited by 547
  10. 2016Delving into Transferable Adversarial Examples and Black-box Attackscited by 530
  11. 2017Feature Squeezing: Detecting Adversarial Examples in Deep Neural Networkscited by 484
  12. 2019On Evaluating Adversarial Robustnesscited by 442
  13. 2019Evading Defenses to Transferable Adversarial Examples by Translation-Invariant Attackscited by 440
  14. 2019Minimally distorted Adversarial Examples with a Fast Adaptive Boundary Attackcited by 333
  15. 2017Defense against Adversarial Attacks Using High-Level Representation Guided Denoisercited by 329
  16. 2018Feature Denoising for Improving Adversarial Robustnesscited by 312
  17. 2020Attacks Which Do Not Kill Training Make Adversarial Learning Strongercited by 242
  18. 2018Adversarial Logit Pairingcited by 224
  19. 2018Stochastic Activation Pruning for Robust Adversarial Defensecited by 171
  20. 2019AdvHat: Real-world adversarial attack on ArcFace Face ID systemcited by 161
  21. 2019NATTACK: Learning the Distributions of Adversarial Examples for an Improved Black-Box Attack on Deep Neural Networkscited by 94
  22. 2020Learnable Boundary Guided Adversarial Trainingcited by 93
  23. 2018Curriculum Adversarial Trainingcited by 89
  24. 2020Adversarial Distributional Training for Robust Deep Learningcited by 79
  25. 2019Unsupervised Deep Learning by Neighbourhood Discoverycited by 78
  26. 2021Improving Adversarial Robustness via Channel-wise Activation Suppressingcited by 76
  27. 2022Part-based Pseudo Label Refinement for Unsupervised Person Re-identificationcited by 59
  28. 2019Adversarial Defense by Restricting the Hidden Space of Deep Neural Networkscited by 56
  29. 2019Enhancing Adversarial Defense by k-Winners-Take-Allcited by 51
  30. 2020Spatially Adaptive Inference with Stochastic Feature Sampling and Interpolationcited by 51
  31. 2022Enhancing Adversarial Training with Second-Order Statistics of Weightscited by 42
  32. 2022Self-Ensemble Adversarial Training for Improved Robustnesscited by 38
  33. 2020Batch Normalization Increases Adversarial Vulnerability and Decreases Adversarial Transferability: A Non-Robust Feature Perspectivecited by 35
  34. 2019Batch Normalization is a Cause of Adversarial Vulnerabilitycited by 28
  35. 2019Towards Robust Image Classification Using Sequential Attention Modelscited by 27
  36. 2022Removing Batch Normalization Boosts Adversarial Trainingcited by 24
  37. 2021CIFS: Improving Adversarial Robustness of CNNs via Channel-wise Importance-based Feature Selectioncited by 21
  38. 2019Interpreting Adversarial Examples by Activation Promotion and Suppressioncited by 17

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2023Distilling Out-of-Distribution Robustness from Vision-Language Foundation Modelscited by 9
  2. 2024Towards Adversarial Robustness via Debiased High-Confidence Logit Alignmentcited by 5
  3. 2024Mitigating Low-Frequency Bias: Feature Recalibration and Frequency Attention Regularization for Adversarial Robustnesscited by 3
  4. 2024Adversarial Attacks on Hyperbolic Networkscited by 3
  5. 2025Unsupervised Robust Domain Adaptation: Paradigm, Theory and Algorithmcited by 3
  6. 2024Improving Adversarial Robustness via Decoupled Visual Representation Maskingcited by 2
  7. 2024Improving Fast Adversarial Training via Self-Knowledge Guidancecited by 2
  8. 2025Test-Time Defense Against Adversarial Attacks via Stochastic Resonance of Latent Ensemblescited by 2
  9. 2025Deep Positive-Negative Prototypes for Adversarially Robust Discriminative Prototypical Learningcited by 1
  10. 2025Reliable Disentanglement Multi-view Learning Against View Adversarial Attackscited by 1
  11. 2024Harmonizing Feature Maps: A Graph Convolutional Approach for Enhancing Adversarial Robustnesscited by 0
  12. 2025AegisRF: Adversarial Perturbations Guided with Sensitivity for Protecting Intellectual Property of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 0
4 more
  1. 2025Mimicking Human Visual Development for Learning Robust Image Representationscited by 0
  2. 2026Adaptive Causal Alignment for High-Confidence Adversarial Trainingcited by 0
  3. 2026Improving Adversarial Robustness via Activation Amplification and Attenuationcited by 0
  4. 2026Suppress and Diversify: Refining Robust Pathways for Corruption Robustnesscited by 0