TR3D: Towards Real-Time Indoor 3D Object Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, sparse 3D convolutions have changed 3D object detection. Performing on par with the voting-based approaches, 3D CNNs are memory-efficient and scale to large scenes better. However, there is still room for improvement. With a conscious, practice-oriented approach to problem-solving, we analyze the performance of such methods and localize the weaknesses. Applying modifications that resolve the found issues one by one, we end up with TR3D: a fast fully-convolutional 3D object detection model trained end-to-end, that achieves state-of-the-art results on the standard benchmarks, ScanNet v2, SUN RGB-D, and S3DIS. Moreover, to take advantage of both point cloud and RGB inputs, we introduce an early fusion of 2D and 3D features. We employ our fusion module to make conventional 3D object detection methods multimodal and demonstrate an impressive boost in performance. Our model with early feature fusion, which we refer to as TR3D+FF, outperforms existing 3D object detection approaches on the SUN RGB-D dataset. Overall, besides being accurate, both TR3D and TR3D+FF models are lightweight, memory-efficient, and fast, thereby marking another milestone on the way toward real-time 3D object detection. Code is available at https://github.com/SamsungLabs/tr3d .
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2023.
Builds on
17 of 23 references.
References · 17
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
- 2021An End-to-End Transformer Model for 3D Object Detectioncited by 329
- 20183D-SIS: 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation of RGB-D Scanscited by 217
- 2021Group-Free 3D Object Detection via Transformerscited by 215
- 2020EPNet: Enhancing Point Features with Image Semantics for 3D Object Detectioncited by 164
- 2021ImVoxelNet: Image to Voxels Projection for Monocular and Multi-View General-Purpose 3D Object Detectioncited by 157
- 2022Multimodal Token Fusion for Vision Transformerscited by 136
- 2020H3DNet: 3D Object Detection Using Hybrid Geometric Primitivescited by 123
- 2020ImVoteNet: Boosting 3D Object Detection in Point Clouds with Image Votescited by 119
- 2021FCAF3D: Fully Convolutional Anchor-Free 3D Object Detectioncited by 97
- 2020Generative Sparse Detection Networks for 3D Single-shot Object Detectioncited by 69
5 more
- 2021Back-tracing Representative Points for Voting-based 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 67
- 2021EPNet++: Cascade Bi-directional Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 49
- 2022RBGNet: Ray-based Grouping for 3D Object Detectioncited by 40
- 2022HyperDet3D: Learning a Scene-conditioned 3D Object Detectorcited by 14
- 2021Multi-Modality Task Cascade for 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 6; 2025: 11; 2026: 8.
32 papers.
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- 2023OneFormer3D: One Transformer for Unified Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 95
- 2024EmbodiedSAM: Online Segment Any 3D Thing in Real Timecited by 40
- 2024Cubify Anything: Scaling Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2023V-DETR: DETR with Vertex Relative Position Encoding for 3D Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2023Uni3DETR: Unified 3D Detection Transformercited by 27
- 2025TSP3D: Text-guided Sparse Voxel Pruning for Efficient 3D Visual Groundingcited by 17
- 2023Point-GCC: Universal Self-supervised 3D Scene Pre-training via Geometry-Color Contrastcited by 14
- 2024Memory-based Adapters for Online 3D Scene Perceptioncited by 13
- 2024FastCAD: Real-Time CAD Retrieval and Alignment from Scans and Videoscited by 7
- 2026Boxer: Robust Lifting of Open-World 2D Bounding Boxes to 3Dcited by 7
- 2025State Space Model Meets Transformer: A New Paradigm for 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2025GO-N3RDet: Geometry Optimized NeRF-enhanced 3D Object Detectorcited by 5
20 more
- 20233D Small Object Detection with Dynamic Spatial Pruningcited by 4
- 2025Zoo3D: Zero-Shot 3D Object Detection at Scene Levelcited by 4
- 2024Object Dynamics Modeling with Hierarchical Point Cloud-based Representationscited by 3
- 2025BoxFusion: Reconstruction-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection via Real-Time Multi-View Box Fusioncited by 3
- 2023Progressive Classifier and Feature Extractor Adaptation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Point Cloudscited by 2
- 2025Towards 3D Objectness Learning in an Open Worldcited by 2
- 2026Few-Shot Incremental 3D Object Detection in Dynamic Indoor Environmentscited by 2
- 2023Care3D: An Active 3D Object Detection Dataset of Real Robotic-Care Environmentscited by 1
- 2024InLUT3D: Challenging real indoor dataset for point cloud analysiscited by 1
- 2025TUN3D: Towards Real-World Scene Understanding from Unposed Imagescited by 1
- 2025Fast SceneScript: Fast and Accurate Language-Based 3D Scene Understanding via Multi-Token Predictioncited by 1
- 2026Map-Det3D: Metric Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Prior for Multi-view 3D Object Detection from Streaming Inputscited by 1
- 2025DetAny4D: Detect Anything 4D Temporally in a Streaming RGB Videocited by 0
- 2025GraphFusion3D: Dynamic Graph Attention Convolution with Adaptive Cross-Modal Transformer for 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Enhancing annotations for 5D apple pose estimation through 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS)cited by 0
- 2026UniGeo: A Unified 3D Indoor Object Detection Framework Integrating Geometry-Aware Learning and Dynamic Channel Gatingcited by 0
- 2026Group3D: MLLM-Driven Semantic Grouping for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Hyperbolic Distillation: Geometry-Guided Cross-Modal Transfer for Robust 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Breaking the Model Forgetting Cycle in Long-Incremental 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026DIFTA-3D: Depth-Consistent Instance-Level Feature Transfer and Adaptation of DINOv3 for 3D Detectioncited by 0
- 2026DIFTA-3D: Depth-Consistent Instance-Level Feature Transfer and Adaptation of DINOv3 for 3D Detection22 Sep 2026
- 2026Map-Det3D: Metric Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Prior for Multi-view 3D Object Detection from Streaming Inputs12 Aug 2026
- 2026Breaking the Model Forgetting Cycle in Long-Incremental 3D Object Detection16 Jul 2026
- 2026Hyperbolic Distillation: Geometry-Guided Cross-Modal Transfer for Robust 3D Object Detection11 May 2026
- 2026Few-Shot Incremental 3D Object Detection in Dynamic Indoor Environments9 Apr 2026
- 2026Boxer: Robust Lifting of Open-World 2D Bounding Boxes to 3D6 Apr 2026
- 2026Group3D: MLLM-Driven Semantic Grouping for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection23 Mar 2026
- 2026UniGeo: A Unified 3D Indoor Object Detection Framework Integrating Geometry-Aware Learning and Dynamic Channel Gating30 Jan 2026
- 2025Enhancing annotations for 5D apple pose estimation through 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS)23 Dec 2025
- 2025Fast SceneScript: Fast and Accurate Language-Based 3D Scene Understanding via Multi-Token Prediction5 Dec 2025
- 2025GraphFusion3D: Dynamic Graph Attention Convolution with Adaptive Cross-Modal Transformer for 3D Object Detection2 Dec 2025
- 2025Zoo3D: Zero-Shot 3D Object Detection at Scene Level25 Nov 2025
20 more
- 2025DetAny4D: Detect Anything 4D Temporally in a Streaming RGB Video24 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards 3D Objectness Learning in an Open World20 Oct 2025
- 2025TUN3D: Towards Real-World Scene Understanding from Unposed Images23 Sep 2025
- 2025BoxFusion: Reconstruction-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection via Real-Time Multi-View Box Fusion18 Jun 2025
- 2025GO-N3RDet: Geometry Optimized NeRF-enhanced 3D Object Detector19 Mar 2025
- 2025State Space Model Meets Transformer: A New Paradigm for 3D Object Detection18 Mar 2025
- 2025TSP3D: Text-guided Sparse Voxel Pruning for Efficient 3D Visual Grounding14 Feb 2025
- 2024Cubify Anything: Scaling Indoor 3D Object Detection5 Dec 2024
- 2024EmbodiedSAM: Online Segment Any 3D Thing in Real Time21 Aug 2024
- 2024InLUT3D: Challenging real indoor dataset for point cloud analysis22 Jul 2024
- 2024Object Dynamics Modeling with Hierarchical Point Cloud-based Representations9 Apr 2024
- 2024FastCAD: Real-Time CAD Retrieval and Alignment from Scans and Videos22 Mar 2024
- 2024Memory-based Adapters for Online 3D Scene Perception11 Mar 2024
- 2023Progressive Classifier and Feature Extractor Adaptation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Point Clouds27 Nov 2023
- 2023OneFormer3D: One Transformer for Unified Point Cloud Segmentation24 Nov 2023
- 2023Uni3DETR: Unified 3D Detection Transformer9 Oct 2023
- 2023Care3D: An Active 3D Object Detection Dataset of Real Robotic-Care Environments9 Oct 2023
- 2023V-DETR: DETR with Vertex Relative Position Encoding for 3D Object Detection8 Aug 2023
- 2023Point-GCC: Universal Self-supervised 3D Scene Pre-training via Geometry-Color Contrast31 May 2023
- 20233D Small Object Detection with Dynamic Spatial Pruning5 May 2023
- 2023OneFormer3D: One Transformer for Unified Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 95
- 2024EmbodiedSAM: Online Segment Any 3D Thing in Real Timecited by 40
- 2024Cubify Anything: Scaling Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2023V-DETR: DETR with Vertex Relative Position Encoding for 3D Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2023Uni3DETR: Unified 3D Detection Transformercited by 27
- 2025TSP3D: Text-guided Sparse Voxel Pruning for Efficient 3D Visual Groundingcited by 17
- 2023Point-GCC: Universal Self-supervised 3D Scene Pre-training via Geometry-Color Contrastcited by 14
- 2024Memory-based Adapters for Online 3D Scene Perceptioncited by 13
- 2024FastCAD: Real-Time CAD Retrieval and Alignment from Scans and Videoscited by 7
- 2026Boxer: Robust Lifting of Open-World 2D Bounding Boxes to 3Dcited by 7
- 2025State Space Model Meets Transformer: A New Paradigm for 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2025GO-N3RDet: Geometry Optimized NeRF-enhanced 3D Object Detectorcited by 5
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026DIFTA-3D: Depth-Consistent Instance-Level Feature Transfer and Adaptation of DINOv3 for 3D Detection22 Sep 2026
- 2026Map-Det3D: Metric Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Prior for Multi-view 3D Object Detection from Streaming Inputs12 Aug 2026
- 2026Breaking the Model Forgetting Cycle in Long-Incremental 3D Object Detection16 Jul 2026
- 2026Few-Shot Incremental 3D Object Detection in Dynamic Indoor Environments9 Apr 2026
- 2026Boxer: Robust Lifting of Open-World 2D Bounding Boxes to 3D6 Apr 2026
- 2026Group3D: MLLM-Driven Semantic Grouping for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection23 Mar 2026
- 2026UniGeo: A Unified 3D Indoor Object Detection Framework Integrating Geometry-Aware Learning and Dynamic Channel Gating30 Jan 2026
- 2025Enhancing annotations for 5D apple pose estimation through 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS)23 Dec 2025
- 2025Fast SceneScript: Fast and Accurate Language-Based 3D Scene Understanding via Multi-Token Prediction5 Dec 2025
- 2025GraphFusion3D: Dynamic Graph Attention Convolution with Adaptive Cross-Modal Transformer for 3D Object Detection2 Dec 2025
- 2025Zoo3D: Zero-Shot 3D Object Detection at Scene Level25 Nov 2025
- 2025DetAny4D: Detect Anything 4D Temporally in a Streaming RGB Video24 Nov 2025
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)