mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Back-tracing Representative Points for Voting-based 3D Object Detection in Point Clouds

arXiv 2104.06114 ↗First posted 13 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 67

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Abstract (arXiv)

3D object detection in point clouds is a challenging vision task that benefits various applications for understanding the 3D visual world. Lots of recent research focuses on how to exploit end-to-end trainable Hough voting for generating object proposals. However, the current voting strategy can only receive partial votes from the surfaces of potential objects together with severe outlier votes from the cluttered backgrounds, which hampers full utilization of the information from the input point clouds. Inspired by the back-tracing strategy in the conventional Hough voting methods, in this work, we introduce a new 3D object detection method, named as Back-tracing Representative Points Network (BRNet), which generatively back-traces the representative points from the vote centers and also revisits complementary seed points around these generated points, so as to better capture the fine local structural features surrounding the potential objects from the raw point clouds. Therefore, this bottom-up and then top-down strategy in our BRNet enforces mutual consistency between the predicted vote centers and the raw surface points and thus achieves more reliable and flexible object localization and class prediction results. Our BRNet is simple but effective, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on two large-scale point cloud datasets, ScanNet V2 (+7.5% in terms of [email protected]) and SUN RGB-D (+4.7% in terms of [email protected]), while it is still lightweight and efficient. Code will be available at https://github.com/cheng052/BRNet.

Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Apr 2021.

Builds on

29 of 44 references.

References · 29

  1. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  2. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  3. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  4. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
  5. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  6. 2015SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detectorcited by 3,125
  7. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  8. 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,707
  9. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
  10. 2016YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Strongercited by 1,429
  11. 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
  12. 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
17 more
  1. 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 890
  2. 2018CornerNet: Detecting Objects as Paired Keypointscited by 763
  3. 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
  4. 2019CenterNet: Keypoint Triplets for Object Detectioncited by 654
  5. 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
  6. 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
  7. 20203DSSD: Point-based 3D Single Stage Object Detectorcited by 440
  8. 2019From Points to Parts: 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud with Part-aware and Part-aggregation Networkcited by 366
  9. 2019RepPoints: Point Set Representation for Object Detectioncited by 264
  10. 20183D-SIS: 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation of RGB-D Scanscited by 216
  11. 2019Bottom-up Object Detection by Grouping Extreme and Center Pointscited by 156
  12. 2018GSPN: Generative Shape Proposal Network for 3D Instance Segmentation in Point Cloudcited by 145
  13. 20203D-MPA: Multi Proposal Aggregation for 3D Semantic Instance Segmentationcited by 140
  14. 2020H3DNet: 3D Object Detection Using Hybrid Geometric Primitivescited by 123
  15. 2015Deep Sliding Shapes for Amodal 3D Object Detection in RGB-D Imagescited by 111
  16. 2020MLCVNet: Multi-Level Context VoteNet for 3D Object Detectioncited by 80
  17. 2017DeNet: Scalable Real-time Object Detection with Directed Sparse Samplingcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 17; 2023: 17; 2024: 14; 2025: 10; 2026: 6.

67 papers.

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  1. 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
  2. 2023DSVT: Dynamic Sparse Voxel Transformer with Rotated Setscited by 122
  3. 20223D-SPS: Single-Stage 3D Visual Grounding via Referred Point Progressive Selectioncited by 109
  4. 2023OctFormer: Octree-based Transformers for 3D Point Cloudscited by 105
  5. 2021FCAF3D: Fully Convolutional Anchor-Free 3D Object Detectioncited by 97
  6. 2022Surface Representation for Point Cloudscited by 84
  7. 2023UniTR: A Unified and Efficient Multi-Modal Transformer for Bird's-Eye-View Representationcited by 74
  8. 2022UniT3D: A Unified Transformer for 3D Dense Captioning and Visual Groundingcited by 69
  9. 2022CAGroup3D: Class-Aware Grouping for 3D Object Detection on Point Cloudscited by 58
  10. 2023CoDA: Collaborative Novel Box Discovery and Cross-modal Alignment for Open-vocabulary 3D Object Detectioncited by 51
  11. 2022Implicit Autoencoder for Point-Cloud Self-Supervised Representation Learningcited by 46
  12. 2022Graph R-CNN: Towards Accurate 3D Object Detection with Semantic-Decorated Local Graphcited by 42
38 more
  1. 2023VL-SAT: Visual-Linguistic Semantics Assisted Training for 3D Semantic Scene Graph Prediction in Point Cloudcited by 42
  2. 2022RBGNet: Ray-based Grouping for 3D Object Detectioncited by 40
  3. 2024LION: Linear Group RNN for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 38
  4. 2023V-DETR: DETR with Vertex Relative Position Encoding for 3D Object Detectioncited by 34
  5. 2023TR3D: Towards Real-Time Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 32
  6. 2023Uni3DETR: Unified 3D Detection Transformercited by 26
  7. 2024UniDet3D: Multi-dataset Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 20
  8. 2021VoteHMR: Occlusion-Aware Voting Network for Robust 3D Human Mesh Recovery from Partial Point Cloudscited by 18
  9. 20243D-GRES: Generalized 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 18
  10. 2024Collaborative Novel Object Discovery and Box-Guided Cross-Modal Alignment for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detectioncited by 17
  11. 2023ConDaFormer: Disassembled Transformer with Local Structure Enhancement for 3D Point Cloud Understandingcited by 16
  12. 2022HyperDet3D: Learning a Scene-conditioned 3D Object Detectorcited by 14
  13. 2023ImGeoNet: Image-induced Geometry-aware Voxel Representation for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
  14. 2022ARM3D: Attention-based relation module for indoor 3D object detectioncited by 11
  15. 2022Boosting 3D Object Detection via Object-Focused Image Fusioncited by 11
  16. 2023SPGroup3D: Superpoint Grouping Network for Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 11
  17. 2024X-3D: Explicit 3D Structure Modeling for Point Cloud Recognitioncited by 11
  18. 2022TO-Scene: A Large-scale Dataset for Understanding 3D Tabletop Scenescited by 10
  19. 2024Global-Local Collaborative Inference with LLM for Lidar-Based Open-Vocabulary Detectioncited by 10
  20. 2021Multi-Modality Task Cascade for 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
  21. 2023PRED: Pre-training via Semantic Rendering on LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 7
  22. 2024FastCAD: Real-Time CAD Retrieval and Alignment from Scans and Videoscited by 7
  23. 2024General Geometry-aware Weakly Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
  24. 2022Label-Guided Auxiliary Training Improves 3D Object Detectorcited by 6
  25. 2023Generalized Few-Shot 3D Object Detection of LiDAR Point Cloud for Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  26. 2024Gaussian-Det: Learning Closed-Surface Gaussians for 3D Object Detectioncited by 6
  27. 2023Full Point Encoding for Local Feature Aggregation in 3D Point Cloudscited by 5
  28. 2024Weakly-Supervised 3D Scene Graph Generation via Visual-Linguistic Assisted Pseudo-labelingcited by 5
  29. 2025State Space Model Meets Transformer: A New Paradigm for 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
  30. 2025GO-N3RDet: Geometry Optimized NeRF-enhanced 3D Object Detectorcited by 5
  31. 20233D Small Object Detection with Dynamic Spatial Pruningcited by 4
  32. 2022DisARM: Displacement Aware Relation Module for 3D Detectioncited by 3
  33. 2023HyperMODEST: Self-Supervised 3D Object Detection with Confidence Score Filteringcited by 3
  34. 20243D Object Detection from Point Cloud via Voting Step Diffusioncited by 3
  35. 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 3
  36. 2023Shape Anchor Guided Holistic Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 2
  37. 2024Syn-to-Real Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
  38. 2025PointSplit: Towards On-device 3D Object Detection with Heterogeneous Low-power Acceleratorscited by 2

50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)