mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Island Loss for Learning Discriminative Features in Facial Expression Recognition

arXiv 1710.03144 ↗First posted 9 Oct 2017cs.CVcited by 35

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Over the past few years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promise on facial expression recognition. However, the performance degrades dramatically under real-world settings due to variations introduced by subtle facial appearance changes, head pose variations, illumination changes, and occlusions. In this paper, a novel island loss is proposed to enhance the discriminative power of the deeply learned features. Specifically, the IL is designed to reduce the intra-class variations while enlarging the inter-class differences simultaneously. Experimental results on four benchmark expression databases have demonstrated that the CNN with the proposed island loss (IL-CNN) outperforms the baseline CNN models with either traditional softmax loss or the center loss and achieves comparable or better performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods for facial expression recognition.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2017.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 4; 2023: 8; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.

35 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021Dive into Ambiguity: Latent Distribution Mining and Pairwise Uncertainty Estimation for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 89
  2. 2021Distract Your Attention: Multi-head Cross Attention Network for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 55
  3. 2021Feature Decomposition and Reconstruction Learning for Effective Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 49
  4. 2022Vision Transformer with Attentive Pooling for Robust Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 35
  5. 2022Uncertainty-aware Label Distribution Learning for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 30
  6. 2021Learning to Amend Facial Expression Representation via De-albino and Affinitycited by 19
  7. 2021Learning Vision Transformer with Squeeze and Excitation for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 18
  8. 2023Weakly-Supervised Text-driven Contrastive Learning for Facial Behavior Understandingcited by 16
  9. 2023Latent-OFER: Detect, Mask, and Reconstruct with Latent Vectors for Occluded Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 13
  10. 2021Exploiting Emotional Dependencies with Graph Convolutional Networks for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 12
  11. 2023Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotioncited by 12
  12. 2022Disentangling Identity and Pose for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 11
23 more
  1. 2023ARBEx: Attentive Feature Extraction with Reliability Balancing for Robust Facial Expression Learningcited by 9
  2. 2023FER-former: Multi-modal Transformer for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 8
  3. 2024Facial Expression Analysis and Its Potentials in IoT Systems: A Contemporary Surveycited by 5
  4. 2021Neuron with Steady Response Leads to Better Generalizationcited by 4
  5. 2023Unsupervised Facial Expression Representation Learning with Contrastive Local Warpingcited by 4
  6. 2023Rethinking Class Imbalance in Machine Learningcited by 4
  7. 2021Do Neural Network Weights account for Classes Centers?cited by 2
  8. 2022Dynamic Adaptive Threshold based Learning for Noisy Annotations Robust Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 2
  9. 2024Adaptive Temporal Motion Guided Graph Convolution Network for Micro-expression Recognitioncited by 2
  10. 2025A Deep Positive-Negative Prototype Approach to Integrated Prototypical Discriminative Learningcited by 2
  11. 2025Exp-Graph: How Connections Learn Facial Attributes in Graph-based Expression Recognitioncited by 2
  12. 2021Landmark-Aware and Part-based Ensemble Transfer Learning Network for Facial Expression Recognition from Static imagescited by 1
  13. 2024MixCut:A Data Augmentation Method for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
  14. 2024Multi-threshold Deep Metric Learning for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
  15. 2024Semantic Data Augmentation for Long-tailed Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
  16. 2025Uncertainty-Aware Label Refinement on Hypergraphs for Personalized Federated Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
  17. 2021An optimized Capsule-LSTM model for facial expression recognition with video sequencescited by 0
  18. 2023InFER: A Multi-Ethnic Indian Facial Expression Recognition Datasetcited by 0
  19. 2024GReFEL: Geometry-Aware Reliable Facial Expression Learning under Bias and Imbalanced Data Distributioncited by 0
  20. 2026Facial Expression Recognition Using Residual Masking Networkcited by 0
  21. 2026Emotion Diffusion Classifier with Adaptive Margin Discrepancy Training for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
  22. 2026EMO-BOOST: Emotion-Augmented Audio-Visual Features for Improved Generalization in Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
  23. 2026LaCoVL-FER: Landmark-Guided Contrastive Learning Network with Vision-Language Enhancement for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0