Equipping Language Models with Tool Use Capability for Tabular Data Analysis in Finance
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited an array of reasoning capabilities but face challenges like error propagation and hallucination, particularly in specialised areas like finance, where data is heterogeneous, and precision is paramount. We explore the potential of language model augmentation with external tools to mitigate these limitations and offload certain reasoning steps to external tools that are more suited for the task, instead of solely depending on the LLM's inherent abilities. More concretely, using financial domain question-answering datasets, we apply supervised fine-tuning on a LLaMA-2 13B Chat model to act both as a 'task router' and 'task solver'. The 'task router' dynamically directs a question to either be answered internally by the LLM or externally via the right tool from the tool set. Our tool-equipped SFT model, Raven, demonstrates an improvement of 35.2% and 5.06% over the base model and SFT-only baselines, respectively, and is highly competitive with strong GPT-3.5 results. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that investigates tool augmentation of language models for the finance domain.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 25 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2024.
Builds on
25 of 34 references.
References · 25
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- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
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13 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
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- 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 221
- 2024ToolACE: Winning the Points of LLM Function Callingcited by 204
- 2024Enhancing Function-Calling Capabilities in LLMs: Strategies for Prompt Formats, Data Integration, and Multilingual Translationcited by 14
- 2025Failure Makes the Agent Stronger: Enhancing Accuracy through Structured Reflection for Reliable Tool Interactionscited by 12
- 2024Fine-tuning Smaller Language Models for Question Answering over Financial Documentscited by 8
- 2025Self-Guided Function Calling in Large Language Models via Stepwise Experience Recallcited by 7
- 2026AutoAgent: Evolving Cognition and Elastic Memory Orchestration for Adaptive Agentscited by 5
- 2025Bridging Language Models and Financial Analysiscited by 4
- 2025Language Modeling for the Future of Finance: A Survey into Metrics, Tasks, and Data Opportunitiescited by 3
- 2025SLM-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Small Language Models on Environmental Impacts--Extended Versioncited by 3
- 2025Measuring What LLMs Think They Do: SHAP Faithfulness and Deployability on Financial Tabular Classificationcited by 3
- 2026FinToolSyn: A forward synthesis Framework for Financial Tool-Use Dialogue Data with Dynamic Tool Retrievalcited by 3
- 2026FinToolSyn: A forward synthesis Framework for Financial Tool-Use Dialogue Data with Dynamic Tool Retrieval25 Mar 2026
- 2026AutoAgent: Evolving Cognition and Elastic Memory Orchestration for Adaptive Agents10 Mar 2026
- 2025Measuring What LLMs Think They Do: SHAP Faithfulness and Deployability on Financial Tabular Classification28 Nov 2025
- 2025Failure Makes the Agent Stronger: Enhancing Accuracy through Structured Reflection for Reliable Tool Interactions23 Sep 2025
- 2025Digging Into the Internal: Causality-Based Analysis of LLM Function Calling18 Sep 2025
- 2025SLM-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Small Language Models on Environmental Impacts--Extended Version21 Aug 2025
- 2025Self-Guided Function Calling in Large Language Models via Stepwise Experience Recall21 Aug 2025
- 2025Toward Real-World Table Agents: Capabilities, Workflows, and Design Principles for LLM-based Table Intelligence14 Jul 2025
- 2025Language Modeling for the Future of Finance: A Survey into Metrics, Tasks, and Data Opportunities9 Apr 2025
- 2025Bridging Language Models and Financial Analysis14 Mar 2025
- 2024Enhancing Function-Calling Capabilities in LLMs: Strategies for Prompt Formats, Data Integration, and Multilingual Translation2 Dec 2024
- 2024ToolACE: Winning the Points of LLM Function Calling2 Sep 2024
2 more
- 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 221
- 2024ToolACE: Winning the Points of LLM Function Callingcited by 204
- 2024Enhancing Function-Calling Capabilities in LLMs: Strategies for Prompt Formats, Data Integration, and Multilingual Translationcited by 14
- 2025Failure Makes the Agent Stronger: Enhancing Accuracy through Structured Reflection for Reliable Tool Interactionscited by 12
- 2025Self-Guided Function Calling in Large Language Models via Stepwise Experience Recallcited by 7
- 2026AutoAgent: Evolving Cognition and Elastic Memory Orchestration for Adaptive Agentscited by 5
- 2026FinToolSyn: A forward synthesis Framework for Financial Tool-Use Dialogue Data with Dynamic Tool Retrievalcited by 3
- 2025Toward Real-World Table Agents: Capabilities, Workflows, and Design Principles for LLM-based Table Intelligencecited by 2
- 2025Digging Into the Internal: Causality-Based Analysis of LLM Function Callingcited by 0
- 2026FinToolSyn: A forward synthesis Framework for Financial Tool-Use Dialogue Data with Dynamic Tool Retrieval25 Mar 2026
- 2026AutoAgent: Evolving Cognition and Elastic Memory Orchestration for Adaptive Agents10 Mar 2026
- 2025Failure Makes the Agent Stronger: Enhancing Accuracy through Structured Reflection for Reliable Tool Interactions23 Sep 2025
- 2025Digging Into the Internal: Causality-Based Analysis of LLM Function Calling18 Sep 2025
- 2025Self-Guided Function Calling in Large Language Models via Stepwise Experience Recall21 Aug 2025
- 2025Toward Real-World Table Agents: Capabilities, Workflows, and Design Principles for LLM-based Table Intelligence14 Jul 2025
- 2024Enhancing Function-Calling Capabilities in LLMs: Strategies for Prompt Formats, Data Integration, and Multilingual Translation2 Dec 2024
- 2024ToolACE: Winning the Points of LLM Function Calling2 Sep 2024
- 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Survey28 May 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2023DISC-FinLLM: A Chinese Financial Large Language Model based on Multiple Experts Fine-tuning
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