Uncertainty-aware Label Distribution Learning for Facial Expression Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Despite significant progress over the past few years, ambiguity is still a key challenge in Facial Expression Recognition (FER). It can lead to noisy and inconsistent annotation, which hinders the performance of deep learning models in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new uncertainty-aware label distribution learning method to improve the robustness of deep models against uncertainty and ambiguity. We leverage neighborhood information in the valence-arousal space to adaptively construct emotion distributions for training samples. We also consider the uncertainty of provided labels when incorporating them into the label distributions. Our method can be easily integrated into a deep network to obtain more training supervision and improve recognition accuracy. Intensive experiments on several datasets under various noisy and ambiguous settings show that our method achieves competitive results and outperforms recent state-of-the-art approaches. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/minhnhatvt/label-distribution-learning-fer-tf.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Sep 2022.
Builds on
24 of 69 references.
References · 24
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- 2018Generalized Cross Entropy Loss for Training Deep Neural Networks with Noisy Labelscited by 994
- 2017A Closer Look at Memorization in Deep Networkscited by 936
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- 2019Symmetric Cross Entropy for Robust Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 499
- 2017AffectNet: A Database for Facial Expression, Valence, and Arousal Computing in the Wildcited by 490
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- 2020Suppressing Uncertainties for Large-Scale Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 157
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12 more
- 2014Label Distribution Learningcited by 122
- 2016Deep Label Distribution Learning with Label Ambiguitycited by 104
- 2019Context-Aware Emotion Recognition Networkscited by 99
- 2021Dive into Ambiguity: Latent Distribution Mining and Pairwise Uncertainty Estimation for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 89
- 2022Learn From All: Erasing Attention Consistency for Noisy Label Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 67
- 2017Island Loss for Learning Discriminative Features in Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 35
- 2021MVT: Mask Vision Transformer for Facial Expression Recognition in the wildcited by 27
- 2021Global-Local Attention for Emotion Recognitioncited by 20
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 9; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 10.
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- 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 39
- 2023Music-Driven Group Choreographycited by 36
- 2023Exploiting Multi-Label Correlation in Label Distribution Learningcited by 20
- 2023LA-Net: Landmark-Aware Learning for Reliable Facial Expression Recognition under Label Noisecited by 17
- 2023Leave No Stone Unturned: Mine Extra Knowledge for Imbalanced Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 17
- 2022Uncertain Facial Expression Recognition via Multi-task Assisted Correctioncited by 10
- 2023ARBEx: Attentive Feature Extraction with Reliability Balancing for Robust Facial Expression Learningcited by 9
- 2024SynFER: Towards Boosting Facial Expression Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 6
- 2024Two in One Go: Single-stage Emotion Recognition with Decoupled Subject-context Transformercited by 5
- 2023Style Transfer for 2D Talking Head Animationcited by 3
- 2024Conformal Depression Predictioncited by 2
- 2026Interpretable Uncertainty Routing Separating Emotion Ambiguity from Distribution Shift in Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 2
18 more
- 2024Uncertainty-aware Bridge based Mobile-Former Network for Event-based Pattern Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025Enhancing Ambiguous Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition with Soft Label-based Data Augmentationcited by 1
- 2026Trustworthy Federated Label Distribution Learning under Annotation Quality Disparitycited by 1
- 2026The Circumplex Degeneracy Behind the Rare-Class Limit in Affect Recognitioncited by 1
- 2022TabMixer: Excavating Label Distribution Learning with Small-scale Featurescited by 0
- 2023Cross-domain Robust Deepfake Bias Expansion Network for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 0
- 2023Be Bayesian by Attachments to Catch More Uncertaintycited by 0
- 2024Multi-label Class Incremental Emotion Decoding with Augmented Emotional Semantics Learningcited by 0
- 2024GReFEL: Geometry-Aware Reliable Facial Expression Learning under Bias and Imbalanced Data Distributioncited by 0
- 2025Latent label distribution grid representation for modeling uncertaintycited by 0
- 2025EM2LDL: A Multilingual Speech Corpus for Mixed Emotion Recognition through Label Distribution Learningcited by 0
- 2026Enhance and Reuse: A Dual-Mechanism Approach to Boost Deep Forest for Label Distribution Learningcited by 0
- 2026Revisiting Emotions Representation for Recognition in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Emotion-Aware Classroom Quality Assessment Leveraging IoT-Based Real-Time Student Monitoringcited by 0
- 2026On Applicability of Synthetic Datasets for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Learning Emotion from Motion: Kinetic Multi-Stream Skeleton Modeling with Metadata-Conditioned Weak Label Distributionscited by 0
- 2026Emotion as a Distribution: Joint Valence-Arousal Probability Learning for Speaker-Independent Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Predicting Human Disagreement for Calibrated Dynamic Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Predicting Human Disagreement for Calibrated Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition15 Sep 2026
- 2026Emotion as a Distribution: Joint Valence-Arousal Probability Learning for Speaker-Independent Multimodal Emotion Recognition4 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Emotion from Motion: Kinetic Multi-Stream Skeleton Modeling with Metadata-Conditioned Weak Label Distributions19 Jul 2026
- 2026Interpretable Uncertainty Routing Separating Emotion Ambiguity from Distribution Shift in Facial Expression Recognition21 Jun 2026
- 2026The Circumplex Degeneracy Behind the Rare-Class Limit in Affect Recognition14 Jun 2026
- 2026On Applicability of Synthetic Datasets for Facial Expression Recognition17 May 2026
- 2026Trustworthy Federated Label Distribution Learning under Annotation Quality Disparity6 May 2026
- 2026Emotion-Aware Classroom Quality Assessment Leveraging IoT-Based Real-Time Student Monitoring17 Mar 2026
- 2026Revisiting Emotions Representation for Recognition in the Wild6 Feb 2026
- 2026Enhance and Reuse: A Dual-Mechanism Approach to Boost Deep Forest for Label Distribution Learning6 Feb 2026
- 2025EM2LDL: A Multilingual Speech Corpus for Mixed Emotion Recognition through Label Distribution Learning25 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Ambiguous Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition with Soft Label-based Data Augmentation25 Jun 2025
18 more
- 2025Latent label distribution grid representation for modeling uncertainty27 May 2025
- 2024GReFEL: Geometry-Aware Reliable Facial Expression Learning under Bias and Imbalanced Data Distribution21 Oct 2024
- 2024SynFER: Towards Boosting Facial Expression Recognition with Synthetic Data13 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-label Class Incremental Emotion Decoding with Augmented Emotional Semantics Learning31 May 2024
- 2024Conformal Depression Prediction29 May 2024
- 2024Two in One Go: Single-stage Emotion Recognition with Decoupled Subject-context Transformer26 Apr 2024
- 2024Uncertainty-aware Bridge based Mobile-Former Network for Event-based Pattern Recognition20 Jan 2024
- 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videos9 Dec 2023
- 2023Leave No Stone Unturned: Mine Extra Knowledge for Imbalanced Facial Expression Recognition30 Oct 2023
- 2023Be Bayesian by Attachments to Catch More Uncertainty19 Oct 2023
- 2023Cross-domain Robust Deepfake Bias Expansion Network for Face Forgery Detection8 Oct 2023
- 2023Exploiting Multi-Label Correlation in Label Distribution Learning3 Aug 2023
- 2023LA-Net: Landmark-Aware Learning for Reliable Facial Expression Recognition under Label Noise18 Jul 2023
- 2023ARBEx: Attentive Feature Extraction with Reliability Balancing for Robust Facial Expression Learning2 May 2023
- 2023Music-Driven Group Choreography22 Mar 2023
- 2023Style Transfer for 2D Talking Head Animation17 Mar 2023
- 2022Uncertain Facial Expression Recognition via Multi-task Assisted Correction14 Dec 2022
- 2022TabMixer: Excavating Label Distribution Learning with Small-scale Features25 Oct 2022
- 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 39
- 2023Music-Driven Group Choreographycited by 36
- 2023Exploiting Multi-Label Correlation in Label Distribution Learningcited by 20
- 2023LA-Net: Landmark-Aware Learning for Reliable Facial Expression Recognition under Label Noisecited by 17
- 2023Leave No Stone Unturned: Mine Extra Knowledge for Imbalanced Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 17
- 2022Uncertain Facial Expression Recognition via Multi-task Assisted Correctioncited by 10
- 2023ARBEx: Attentive Feature Extraction with Reliability Balancing for Robust Facial Expression Learningcited by 9
- 2024Two in One Go: Single-stage Emotion Recognition with Decoupled Subject-context Transformercited by 5
- 2023Style Transfer for 2D Talking Head Animationcited by 3
- 2024Conformal Depression Predictioncited by 2
- 2026Interpretable Uncertainty Routing Separating Emotion Ambiguity from Distribution Shift in Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 2
- 2024Uncertainty-aware Bridge based Mobile-Former Network for Event-based Pattern Recognitioncited by 1
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026Predicting Human Disagreement for Calibrated Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition15 Sep 2026
- 2026Emotion as a Distribution: Joint Valence-Arousal Probability Learning for Speaker-Independent Multimodal Emotion Recognition4 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Emotion from Motion: Kinetic Multi-Stream Skeleton Modeling with Metadata-Conditioned Weak Label Distributions19 Jul 2026
- 2026Interpretable Uncertainty Routing Separating Emotion Ambiguity from Distribution Shift in Facial Expression Recognition21 Jun 2026
- 2026The Circumplex Degeneracy Behind the Rare-Class Limit in Affect Recognition14 Jun 2026
- 2026On Applicability of Synthetic Datasets for Facial Expression Recognition17 May 2026
- 2026Trustworthy Federated Label Distribution Learning under Annotation Quality Disparity6 May 2026
- 2026Emotion-Aware Classroom Quality Assessment Leveraging IoT-Based Real-Time Student Monitoring17 Mar 2026
- 2026Revisiting Emotions Representation for Recognition in the Wild6 Feb 2026
- 2026Enhance and Reuse: A Dual-Mechanism Approach to Boost Deep Forest for Label Distribution Learning6 Feb 2026
- 2025EM2LDL: A Multilingual Speech Corpus for Mixed Emotion Recognition through Label Distribution Learning25 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Ambiguous Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition with Soft Label-based Data Augmentation25 Jun 2025
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)