Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Navigation using Reinforcement Learning: A Systematic Review
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
There is an increasing demand for using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), known as drones, in different applications such as packages delivery, traffic monitoring, search and rescue operations, and military combat engagements. In all of these applications, the UAV is used to navigate the environment autonomously - without human interaction, perform specific tasks and avoid obstacles. Autonomous UAV navigation is commonly accomplished using Reinforcement Learning (RL), where agents act as experts in a domain to navigate the environment while avoiding obstacles. Understanding the navigation environment and algorithmic limitations plays an essential role in choosing the appropriate RL algorithm to solve the navigation problem effectively. Consequently, this study first identifies the main UAV navigation tasks and discusses navigation frameworks and simulation software. Next, RL algorithms are classified and discussed based on the environment, algorithm characteristics, abilities, and applications in different UAV navigation problems, which will help the practitioners and researchers select the appropriate RL algorithms for their UAV navigation use cases. Moreover, identified gaps and opportunities will drive UAV navigation research.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 158 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Aug 2022.
Builds on
54 of 158 references.
References · 54
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,885
- 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,407
- 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,274
- 2015Trust Region Policy Optimizationcited by 2,580
- 2018Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methodscited by 2,417
- 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,258
- 2015Deep Reinforcement Learning with Double Q-learningcited by 1,745
- 2017Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environmentscited by 1,558
- 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,099
- 2018Exploration by Random Network Distillationcited by 993
- 2018IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecturescited by 883
38 more
- 2015Optimizing Neural Networks with Kronecker-factored Approximate Curvaturecited by 796
- 2017Rainbow: Combining Improvements in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 786
- 2015Dueling Network Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 785
- 2017A Distributional Perspective on Reinforcement Learningcited by 765
- 2016Stein Variational Gradient Descent: A General Purpose Bayesian Inference Algorithmcited by 507
- 2017Distributional Reinforcement Learning with Quantile Regressioncited by 474
- 2015Deep Recurrent Q-Learning for Partially Observable MDPscited by 465
- 2018Implicit Quantile Networks for Distributional Reinforcement Learningcited by 369
- 2020Agent57: Outperforming the Atari Human Benchmarkcited by 303
- 2018Distributed Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 269
- 2016Safe and Efficient Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 264
- 2018Actor-Attention-Critic for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 261
- 2019Stochastic Latent Actor-Critic: Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Latent Variable Modelcited by 231
- 2020Never Give Up: Learning Directed Exploration Strategiescited by 212
- 2018Distributed Distributional Deterministic Policy Gradientscited by 199
- 2016Sample Efficient Actor-Critic with Experience Replaycited by 188
- 2017Emergence of Locomotion Behaviours in Rich Environmentscited by 165
- 2020Phasic Policy Gradientcited by 123
- 2017Scalable trust-region method for deep reinforcement learning using Kronecker-factored approximationcited by 121
- 2019Fully Parameterized Quantile Function for Distributional Reinforcement Learningcited by 88
- 2015Memory-based control with recurrent neural networkscited by 78
- 2018Reinforcement Learning for UAV Attitude Controlcited by 48
- 2019Reducing Overestimation Bias in Multi-Agent Domains Using Double Centralized Criticscited by 47
- 2017Stein Variational Policy Gradientcited by 44
- 2019DAC: The Double Actor-Critic Architecture for Learning Optionscited by 43
- 2017Efficient Parallel Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 32
- 2018Memory-based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Obstacle Avoidance in UAV with Limited Environment Knowledgecited by 26
- 2020Embodied Visual Navigation with Automatic Curriculum Learning in Real Environmentscited by 21
- 2019Autonomous Navigation via Deep Reinforcement Learning for Resource Constraint Edge Nodes using Transfer Learningcited by 19
- 2018ACE: An Actor Ensemble Algorithm for Continuous Control with Tree Searchcited by 12
- 2019Deep Reinforcement Learning for UAV Navigation Through Massive MIMO Techniquecited by 10
- 2020Data Freshness and Energy-Efficient UAV Navigation Optimization: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 9
- 2020Autonomous UAV Navigation: A DDPG-based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 8
- 2018Multi-vehicle Flocking Control with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Methodcited by 7
- 2018NAVREN-RL: Learning to fly in real environment via end-to-end deep reinforcement learning using monocular imagescited by 5
- 2020Developmental Reinforcement Learning of Control Policy of a Quadcopter UAV with Thrust Vectoring Rotorscited by 3
- 2018Navigating Assistance System for Quadcopter with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2020Dynamic Radar Network of UAVs: A Joint Navigation and Tracking Approachcited by 2
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2023Inertial Navigation Meets Deep Learning: A Survey of Current Trends and Future Directionscited by 21
- 2023Recent Advancements in Deep Learning Applications and Methods for Autonomous Navigation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 6
- 2025Deep RL-based Autonomous Navigation of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) in a complex GPS-denied Indoor Environmentcited by 1
- 2025Autonomous UAV Flight Navigation in Confined Spaces: A Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 1
- 2024On-policy Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning for Multi-UAV Explorationcited by 0
- 2026UAV Trajectory Optimization via Improved Noisy Deep Q-Networkcited by 0
- 2026UAV Trajectory Optimization via Improved Noisy Deep Q-Network5 Feb 2026
- 2025Autonomous UAV Flight Navigation in Confined Spaces: A Reinforcement Learning Approach22 Aug 2025
- 2025Deep RL-based Autonomous Navigation of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) in a complex GPS-denied Indoor Environment8 Apr 2025
- 2024On-policy Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning for Multi-UAV Exploration17 Sep 2024
- 2023Inertial Navigation Meets Deep Learning: A Survey of Current Trends and Future Directions22 Jun 2023
- 2023Recent Advancements in Deep Learning Applications and Methods for Autonomous Navigation: A Comprehensive Review22 Feb 2023