Unsupervised Domain Adaptation using Feature-Whitening and Consensus Loss
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Abstract (arXiv)
A classifier trained on a dataset seldom works on other datasets obtained under different conditions due to domain shift. This problem is commonly addressed by domain adaptation methods. In this work we introduce a novel deep learning framework which unifies different paradigms in unsupervised domain adaptation. Specifically, we propose domain alignment layers which implement feature whitening for the purpose of matching source and target feature distributions. Additionally, we leverage the unlabeled target data by proposing the Min-Entropy Consensus loss, which regularizes training while avoiding the adoption of many user-defined hyper-parameters. We report results on publicly available datasets, considering both digit classification and object recognition tasks. We show that, in most of our experiments, our approach improves upon previous methods, setting new state-of-the-art performances.
Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 29; 2022: 11; 2023: 12; 2024: 4; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.
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- 2021RobustNet: Improving Domain Generalization in Urban-Scene Segmentation via Instance Selective Whiteningcited by 213
- 2021On Feature Decorrelation in Self-Supervised Learningcited by 160
- 2025The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Entropy Minimization in LLM Reasoningcited by 160
- 2021Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Object Detectors: A Surveycited by 93
- 2022WildNet: Learning Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation from the Wildcited by 75
- 2021Factors of Influence for Transfer Learning across Diverse Appearance Domains and Task Typescited by 54
- 2021A Theory of Label Propagation for Subpopulation Shiftcited by 48
- 2022Uncertainty-guided Source-free Domain Adaptationcited by 46
- 2023In Search of Lost Online Test-time Adaptation: A Surveycited by 43
- 2021Your Classifier can Secretly Suffice Multi-Source Domain Adaptationcited by 42
- 2023Instance-Aware Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 42
- 2021Curriculum Graph Co-Teaching for Multi-Target Domain Adaptationcited by 37
38 more
- 2021A Survey of Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Visual Recognitioncited by 31
- 2021Leveraging Self-Supervision for Cross-Domain Crowd Countingcited by 24
- 2021Generalized Domain Conditioned Adaptation Networkcited by 23
- 2023Compositional Semantic Mix for Domain Adaptation in Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 20
- 2022Listen, Adapt, Better WER: Source-free Single-utterance Test-time Adaptation for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 19
- 2023VNE: An Effective Method for Improving Deep Representation by Manipulating Eigenvalue Distributioncited by 17
- 2021Limitations of Post-Hoc Feature Alignment for Robustnesscited by 14
- 2021Transferrable Contrastive Learning for Visual Domain Adaptationcited by 14
- 2024Towards Robust and Efficient Cloud-Edge Elastic Model Adaptation via Selective Entropy Distillationcited by 11
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Video Transformers in Action Recognitioncited by 10
- 2021Weak Adaptation Learning -- Addressing Cross-domain Data Insufficiency with Weak Annotatorcited by 8
- 2023Learning Across Decentralized Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Archives with Federated Learningcited by 8
- 2025Details Matter for Indoor Open-vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 8
- 2021Exploiting Both Domain-specific and Invariant Knowledge via a Win-win Transformer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 7
- 2022Improving Pseudo Labels With Intra-Class Similarity for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 7
- 2022Making the Best of Both Worlds: A Domain-Oriented Transformer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 7
- 2023Domain-Generalizable Multiple-Domain Clusteringcited by 7
- 2025Model Whisper: Steering Vectors Unlock Large Language Models' Potential in Test-timecited by 7
- 2021Adversarial Branch Architecture Search for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 6
- 2021Domain Adaptation in Multi-View Embedding for Cross-Modal Video Retrievalcited by 6
- 2021Few-shot Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Image-to-class Sparse Similarity Encodingcited by 5
- 2022Quasi-Balanced Self-Training on Noise-Aware Synthesis of Object Point Clouds for Closing Domain Gapcited by 5
- 2022Robustness to corruption in pre-trained Bayesian neural networkscited by 5
- 2023Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Distilled Discriminative Clusteringcited by 5
- 2021Adaptive Pseudo-Label Refinement by Negative Ensemble Learning for Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 4
- 2022Low-confidence Samples Matter for Domain Adaptationcited by 4
- 2021Vicinal and categorical domain adaptationcited by 3
- 2021Reciprocal Normalization for Domain Adaptationcited by 3
- 2021Disentanglement by Cyclic Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2023COCA: Classifier-Oriented Calibration via Textual Prototype for Source-Free Universal Domain Adaptationcited by 3
- 2023High-level semantic feature matters few-shot unsupervised domain adaptationcited by 2
- 2023Manifold-Aware Self-Training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Regressing 6D Object Posecited by 2
- 2025Controllable Feature Whitening for Hyperparameter-Free Bias Mitigationcited by 2
- 2021Towards Bridging the gap between Empirical and Certified Robustness against Adversarial Examplescited by 1
- 2021PoliTO-IIT Submission to the EPIC-KITCHENS-100 Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Challenge for Action Recognitioncited by 1
- 2021Signature-Graph Networkscited by 1
- 2021GCCN: Global Context Convolutional Networkcited by 1
- 2023Local Feature Extraction from Salient Regions by Feature Map Transformationcited by 1
50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026Whitening Improves Robustness to Spurious Correlations in Linear Probes30 Sep 2026
- 2026WhiteCon: Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Regression Through Whitening Transform and Dual Consistency28 Sep 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Object Detection Using Unsupervised Image Translation16 Jan 2026
- 2025Model Whisper: Steering Vectors Unlock Large Language Models' Potential in Test-time4 Dec 2025
- 2025RobustSurg: Tackling domain generalisation for out-of-distribution surgical scene segmentation1 Dec 2025
- 2025Feature Space Topology Control via Hopkins Loss14 Sep 2025
- 2025Details Matter for Indoor Open-vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation30 Jul 2025
- 2025Controllable Feature Whitening for Hyperparameter-Free Bias Mitigation27 Jul 2025
- 2025The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Entropy Minimization in LLM Reasoning21 May 2025
- 2025A Multi-Modal Federated Learning Framework for Remote Sensing Image Classification13 Mar 2025
- 2025Universal Incremental Learning: Mitigating Confusion from Inter- and Intra-task Distribution Randomness10 Mar 2025
- 2024E2MPL:An Enduring and Efficient Meta Prompt Learning Framework for Few-shot Unsupervised Domain Adaptation4 Jul 2024
38 more
- 2024Learning to Discover Knowledge: A Weakly-Supervised Partial Domain Adaptation Approach20 Jun 2024
- 2024AED-PADA:Improving Generalizability of Adversarial Example Detection via Principal Adversarial Domain Adaptation19 Apr 2024
- 2024Towards Robust and Efficient Cloud-Edge Elastic Model Adaptation via Selective Entropy Distillation27 Feb 2024
- 2023In Search of Lost Online Test-time Adaptation: A Survey31 Oct 2023
- 2023Compositional Semantic Mix for Domain Adaptation in Point Cloud Segmentation28 Aug 2023
- 2023Calibrating Panoramic Depth Estimation for Practical Localization and Mapping27 Aug 2023
- 2023COCA: Classifier-Oriented Calibration via Textual Prototype for Source-Free Universal Domain Adaptation21 Aug 2023
- 2023Learning Across Decentralized Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Archives with Federated Learning1 Jun 2023
- 2023Manifold-Aware Self-Training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Regressing 6D Object Pose18 May 2023
- 2023Instance-Aware Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofing12 Apr 2023
- 2023VNE: An Effective Method for Improving Deep Representation by Manipulating Eigenvalue Distribution4 Apr 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Distilled Discriminative Clustering23 Feb 2023
- 2023Domain-Generalizable Multiple-Domain Clustering31 Jan 2023
- 2023Local Feature Extraction from Salient Regions by Feature Map Transformation25 Jan 2023
- 2023High-level semantic feature matters few-shot unsupervised domain adaptation5 Jan 2023
- 2022Domain generalization Person Re-identification on Attention-aware multi-operation strategery19 Oct 2022
- 2022PoliTO-IIT-CINI Submission to the EPIC-KITCHENS-100 Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Challenge for Action Recognition9 Sep 2022
- 2022Uncertainty-guided Source-free Domain Adaptation16 Aug 2022
- 2022Making the Best of Both Worlds: A Domain-Oriented Transformer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation2 Aug 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Video Transformers in Action Recognition26 Jul 2022
- 2022Improving Pseudo Labels With Intra-Class Similarity for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation25 Jul 2022
- 2022Robustness to corruption in pre-trained Bayesian neural networks24 Jun 2022
- 2022WildNet: Learning Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation from the Wild4 Apr 2022
- 2022Listen, Adapt, Better WER: Source-free Single-utterance Test-time Adaptation for Automatic Speech Recognition27 Mar 2022
- 2022Quasi-Balanced Self-Training on Noise-Aware Synthesis of Object Point Clouds for Closing Domain Gap8 Mar 2022
- 2022Low-confidence Samples Matter for Domain Adaptation6 Feb 2022
- 2021Disentanglement by Cyclic Reconstruction24 Dec 2021
- 2021Reciprocal Normalization for Domain Adaptation20 Dec 2021
- 2021Transferrable Contrastive Learning for Visual Domain Adaptation14 Dec 2021
- 2021A Survey of Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Visual Recognition13 Dec 2021
- 2021Exploiting Both Domain-specific and Invariant Knowledge via a Win-win Transformer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation25 Nov 2021
- 2021Domain Adaptation in Multi-View Embedding for Cross-Modal Video Retrieval25 Oct 2021
- 2021GCCN: Global Context Convolutional Network22 Oct 2021
- 2021Signature-Graph Networks22 Oct 2021
- 2021Foreground Object Structure Transfer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation14 Sep 2021
- 2021Grassmannian Graph-attentional Landmark Selection for Domain Adaptation7 Sep 2021
- 2021Few-shot Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Image-to-class Sparse Similarity Encoding6 Aug 2021
- 2021PoliTO-IIT Submission to the EPIC-KITCHENS-100 Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Challenge for Action Recognition1 Jul 2021
50 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2021RobustNet: Improving Domain Generalization in Urban-Scene Segmentation via Instance Selective Whiteningcited by 213
- 2021On Feature Decorrelation in Self-Supervised Learningcited by 160
- 2021Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Object Detectors: A Surveycited by 93
- 2022WildNet: Learning Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation from the Wildcited by 75
- 2021Factors of Influence for Transfer Learning across Diverse Appearance Domains and Task Typescited by 54
- 2021A Theory of Label Propagation for Subpopulation Shiftcited by 48
- 2022Uncertainty-guided Source-free Domain Adaptationcited by 46
- 2023In Search of Lost Online Test-time Adaptation: A Surveycited by 43
- 2021Your Classifier can Secretly Suffice Multi-Source Domain Adaptationcited by 42
- 2023Instance-Aware Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 42
- 2021Curriculum Graph Co-Teaching for Multi-Target Domain Adaptationcited by 37
- 2021A Survey of Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Visual Recognitioncited by 31
12 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2026Whitening Improves Robustness to Spurious Correlations in Linear Probes30 Sep 2026
- 2026WhiteCon: Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Regression Through Whitening Transform and Dual Consistency28 Sep 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Object Detection Using Unsupervised Image Translation16 Jan 2026
- 2025RobustSurg: Tackling domain generalisation for out-of-distribution surgical scene segmentation1 Dec 2025
- 2025Feature Space Topology Control via Hopkins Loss14 Sep 2025
- 2025Controllable Feature Whitening for Hyperparameter-Free Bias Mitigation27 Jul 2025
- 2025A Multi-Modal Federated Learning Framework for Remote Sensing Image Classification13 Mar 2025
- 2025Universal Incremental Learning: Mitigating Confusion from Inter- and Intra-task Distribution Randomness10 Mar 2025
- 2024E2MPL:An Enduring and Efficient Meta Prompt Learning Framework for Few-shot Unsupervised Domain Adaptation4 Jul 2024
- 2024Learning to Discover Knowledge: A Weakly-Supervised Partial Domain Adaptation Approach20 Jun 2024
- 2024AED-PADA:Improving Generalizability of Adversarial Example Detection via Principal Adversarial Domain Adaptation19 Apr 2024
- 2024Towards Robust and Efficient Cloud-Edge Elastic Model Adaptation via Selective Entropy Distillation27 Feb 2024
12 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)