Causal Imitative Model for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Imitation-learning end-to-end planners
Abstract (arXiv)
Imitation learning is a powerful approach for learning autonomous driving policy by leveraging data from expert driver demonstrations. However, driving policies trained via imitation learning that neglect the causal structure of expert demonstrations yield two undesirable behaviors: inertia and collision. In this paper, we propose Causal Imitative Model (CIM) to address inertia and collision problems. CIM explicitly discovers the causal model and utilizes it to train the policy. Specifically, CIM disentangles the input to a set of latent variables, selects the causal variables, and determines the next position by leveraging the selected variables. Our experiments show that our method outperforms previous work in terms of inertia and collision rates. Moreover, thanks to exploiting the causal structure, CIM shrinks the input dimension to only two, hence, can adapt to new environments in a few-shot setting. Code is available at https://github.com/vita-epfl/CIM.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation-learning end-to-end planners, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 21 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2021.
Builds on
21 of 44 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2021End-to-End Urban Driving by Imitating a Reinforcement Learning Coach18 Aug
- 2021Learning by Watching10 Jun
Other references · 19
- 2013Auto-Encoding Variational Bayescited by 4,053
- 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,449
- 2016End to End Learning for Self-Driving Carscited by 1,009
- 2018Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representationscited by 941
- 2018Recurrent World Models Facilitate Policy Evolutioncited by 785
- 2018Disentangling by Factorisingcited by 616
- 2017End-to-end Driving via Conditional Imitation Learningcited by 485
- 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 397
- 2019Learning by Cheatingcited by 383
- 2019Exploring the Limitations of Behavior Cloning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 346
- 2018Towards a Definition of Disentangled Representationscited by 296
- 2019Causal Confusion in Imitation Learningcited by 288
7 more
- 2015DeepDriving: Learning Affordance for Direct Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 231
- 2020Can Autonomous Vehicles Identify, Recover From, and Adapt to Distribution Shifts?cited by 139
- 2018Deep Imitative Models for Flexible Inference, Planning, and Controlcited by 76
- 2018Learning to Look around Objects for Top-View Representations of Outdoor Scenescited by 37
- 2019Monocular Plan View Networks for Autonomous Drivingcited by 37
- 2018Neural Granger Causalitycited by 19
- 2019Adversarial Orthogonal Regression: Two non-Linear Regressions for Causal Inferencecited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2023A Survey on Causal Reinforcement Learningcited by 45
- 2024Curb Your Attention: Causal Attention Gating for Robust Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
- 2023Evaluating Temporal Observation-Based Causal Discovery Techniques Applied to Road Driver Behaviourcited by 5
- 2024Beyond Imitation: A Life-long Policy Learning Framework for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
- 2023Simulation-Based Counterfactual Causal Discovery on Real World Driver Behaviourcited by 3
- 2023Addressing Limitations of State-Aware Imitation Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2026CRRL: A Causality-Based Reinforcement Learning Framework for Autonomous System Recoverycited by 0
- 2026CRRL: A Causality-Based Reinforcement Learning Framework for Autonomous System Recovery3 Jul 2026
- 2024Curb Your Attention: Causal Attention Gating for Robust Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving23 Sep 2024
- 2024Beyond Imitation: A Life-long Policy Learning Framework for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Driving26 Apr 2024
- 2023Addressing Limitations of State-Aware Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving31 Oct 2023
- 2023Simulation-Based Counterfactual Causal Discovery on Real World Driver Behaviour6 Jun 2023
- 2023A Survey on Causal Reinforcement Learning10 Feb 2023
- 2023Evaluating Temporal Observation-Based Causal Discovery Techniques Applied to Road Driver Behaviour31 Jan 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Physics-informed Imitative Reinforcement Learning for Real-world Driving
- 2024IGDrivSim: A Benchmark for the Imitation Gap in Autonomous Driving
- 2025Learning to Drive by Imitating Surrounding Vehicles
- 2024CIMRL: Combining IMitation and Reinforcement Learning for Safe Autonomous Driving
- 2018CIRL: Controllable Imitative Reinforcement Learning for Vision-based Self-driving
- 2025Prioritizing Perception-Guided Self-Supervision: A New Paradigm for Causal Modeling in End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2021Urban Driver: Learning to Drive from Real-world Demonstrations Using Policy Gradients
- 2022Imitation Is Not Enough: Robustifying Imitation with Reinforcement Learning for Challenging Driving Scenarios