mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Conditional Point Diffusion-Refinement Paradigm for 3D Point Cloud Completion

arXiv 2112.03530 ↗First posted 7 Dec 2021cs.CV cs.AIcited by 100

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

3D point cloud is an important 3D representation for capturing real world 3D objects. However, real-scanned 3D point clouds are often incomplete, and it is important to recover complete point clouds for downstream applications. Most existing point cloud completion methods use Chamfer Distance (CD) loss for training. The CD loss estimates correspondences between two point clouds by searching nearest neighbors, which does not capture the overall point density distribution on the generated shape, and therefore likely leads to non-uniform point cloud generation. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel Point Diffusion-Refinement (PDR) paradigm for point cloud completion. PDR consists of a Conditional Generation Network (CGNet) and a ReFinement Network (RFNet). The CGNet uses a conditional generative model called the denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) to generate a coarse completion conditioned on the partial observation. DDPM establishes a one-to-one pointwise mapping between the generated point cloud and the uniform ground truth, and then optimizes the mean squared error loss to realize uniform generation. The RFNet refines the coarse output of the CGNet and further improves quality of the completed point cloud. Furthermore, we develop a novel dual-path architecture for both networks. The architecture can (1) effectively and efficiently extract multi-level features from partially observed point clouds to guide completion, and (2) accurately manipulate spatial locations of 3D points to obtain smooth surfaces and sharp details. Extensive experimental results on various benchmark datasets show that our PDR paradigm outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods for point cloud completion. Remarkably, with the help of the RFNet, we can accelerate the iterative generation process of the DDPM by up to 50 times without much performance drop.

Key facts. Cited by 100 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 27 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2021.

Builds on

27 of 34 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2021Diffusion Probabilistic Models for 3D Point Cloud Generation2 Mar

Other references · 26

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  4. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  5. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  6. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  7. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  8. 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,880
  9. 2020Point Transformercited by 1,462
  10. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,339
  11. 2018PartNet: A Large-scale Benchmark for Fine-grained and Hierarchical Part-level 3D Object Understandingcited by 521
  12. 20213D Shape Generation and Completion through Point-Voxel Diffusioncited by 516
14 more
  1. 2018PCN: Point Completion Networkcited by 382
  2. 2019Point-Voxel CNN for Efficient 3D Deep Learningcited by 343
  3. 2021PoinTr: Diverse Point Cloud Completion with Geometry-Aware Transformerscited by 284
  4. 2019What Do Single-view 3D Reconstruction Networks Learn?cited by 259
  5. 2020GRNet: Gridding Residual Network for Dense Point Cloud Completioncited by 174
  6. 2021On Fast Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 170
  7. 2017Searching for Activation Functionscited by 158
  8. 2019Morphing and Sampling Network for Dense Point Cloud Completioncited by 132
  9. 2020Cascaded Refinement Network for Point Cloud Completioncited by 112
  10. 2021Variational Relational Point Completion Networkcited by 103
  11. 2020PMP-Net: Point Cloud Completion by Learning Multi-step Point Moving Pathscited by 97
  12. 2020Detail Preserved Point Cloud Completion via Separated Feature Aggregationcited by 70
  13. 2021Unsupervised 3D Shape Completion through GAN Inversioncited by 70
  14. 2021ASFM-Net: Asymmetrical Siamese Feature Matching Network for Point Completioncited by 28

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 17; 2023: 28; 2024: 30; 2025: 17; 2026: 7.

100 papers.

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  1. 2022Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applicationscited by 1,107
  2. 2022LION: Latent Point Diffusion Models for 3D Shape Generationcited by 552
  3. 2022Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models with Exponential Integratorcited by 526
  4. 2022A Survey on Generative Diffusion Modelcited by 238
  5. 2023PoseDiffusion: Solving Pose Estimation via Diffusion-aided Bundle Adjustmentcited by 146
  6. 2022Solving 3D Inverse Problems using Pre-trained 2D Diffusion Modelscited by 130
  7. 2023Locally Attentional SDF Diffusion for Controllable 3D Shape Generationcited by 129
  8. 2022GENIE: Higher-Order Denoising Diffusion Solverscited by 127
  9. 2024TFG: Unified Training-Free Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 103
  10. 2022Accelerating Diffusion Models via Early Stop of the Diffusion Processcited by 100
  11. 2022Exploring Chemical Space with Score-based Out-of-distribution Generationcited by 95
  12. 2023PC2: Projection-Conditioned Point Cloud Diffusion for Single-Image 3D Reconstructioncited by 84
38 more
  1. 2022HouseDiffusion: Vector Floorplan Generation via a Diffusion Model with Discrete and Continuous Denoisingcited by 72
  2. 2023PriSTI: A Conditional Diffusion Framework for Spatiotemporal Imputationcited by 62
  3. 2023On the Design Fundamentals of Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 59
  4. 2022Fast Point Cloud Generation with Straight Flowscited by 56
  5. 2023Scalable Diffusion for Materials Generationcited by 52
  6. 2023Face Animation with an Attribute-Guided Diffusion Modelcited by 48
  7. 2022Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning-Based 3D Point Cloud Completion Processing and Analysiscited by 44
  8. 2024RF-Diffusion: Radio Signal Generation via Time-Frequency Diffusioncited by 41
  9. 2023Controllable Mesh Generation Through Sparse Latent Point Diffusion Modelscited by 40
  10. 2024Scaling Diffusion Models to Real-World 3D LiDAR Scene Completioncited by 40
  11. 2023DiffFacto: Controllable Part-Based 3D Point Cloud Generation with Cross Diffusioncited by 32
  12. 2022Human Joint Kinematics Diffusion-Refinement for Stochastic Motion Predictioncited by 28
  13. 2023A Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Point Cloud Upsamplingcited by 28
  14. 2023GECCO: Geometrically-Conditioned Point Diffusion Modelscited by 24
  15. 2023Advancements in Point Cloud Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 24
  16. 2023Distribution Shift Inversion for Out-of-Distribution Predictioncited by 23
  17. 2023Add and Thin: Diffusion for Temporal Point Processescited by 22
  18. 2023Uncertainty-aware Surrogate Models for Airfoil Flow Simulations with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 22
  19. 2024An End-to-End Robust Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Network with Single-Step Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 22
  20. 20223D Vision with Transformers: A Surveycited by 21
  21. 2022Few-shot Image Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 21
  22. 2022Entropy-driven Sampling and Training Scheme for Conditional Diffusion Generationcited by 20
  23. 2024SemFlow: Binding Semantic Segmentation and Image Synthesis via Rectified Flowcited by 20
  24. 2025SuperPC: A Single Diffusion Model for Point Cloud Completion, Upsampling, Denoising, and Colorizationcited by 20
  25. 2023Point Cloud Diffusion Models for Automatic Implant Generationcited by 19
  26. 2024P2P-Bridge: Diffusion Bridges for 3D Point Cloud Denoisingcited by 18
  27. 2024DiffSSC: Semantic LiDAR Scan Completion using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 16
  28. 2023Diffusion Models in Bioinformatics: A New Wave of Deep Learning Revolution in Actioncited by 15
  29. 20234D Facial Expression Diffusion Modelcited by 15
  30. 2023DomainStudio: Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models for Domain-Driven Image Generation using Limited Datacited by 15
  31. 2024Explore In-Context Segmentation via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 12
  32. 2024HandDiff: 3D Hand Pose Estimation with Diffusion on Image-Point Cloudcited by 12
  33. 2024CloudFixer: Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Point Clouds via Diffusion-Guided Geometric Transformationcited by 11
  34. 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Surveycited by 11
  35. 2023CCD-3DR: Consistent Conditioning in Diffusion for Single-Image 3D Reconstructioncited by 10
  36. 2023Language-driven Scene Synthesis using Multi-conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 10
  37. 2024SC-Diff: 3D Shape Completion with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 10
  38. 2021Multi-View Partial (MVP) Point Cloud Challenge 2021 on Completion and Registration: Methods and Resultscited by 9

50 most cited of 100 All 100 (JSON)

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  1. 2025Guided and Unguided Conditional Diffusion Mechanisms for Structured and Semantically-Aware 3D Point Cloud Generation
  2. 2024Digging into Intrinsic Contextual Information for High-fidelity 3D Point Cloud Completion
  3. 2023Point-Cloud Completion with Pretrained Text-to-image Diffusion Models
  4. 2024PCDreamer: Point Cloud Completion Through Multi-view Diffusion Priors
  5. 2024RealDiff: Real-world 3D Shape Completion using Self-Supervised Diffusion Models
  6. 2024Point Cloud Resampling with Learnable Heat Diffusion
  7. 2024ComPC: Completing a 3D Point Cloud with 2D Diffusion Priors
  8. 2025SeaLion: Semantic Part-Aware Latent Point Diffusion Models for 3D Generation