A Framework for Deprecating Datasets: Standardizing Documentation, Identification, and Communication
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Abstract (arXiv)
Datasets are central to training machine learning (ML) models. The ML community has recently made significant improvements to data stewardship and documentation practices across the model development life cycle. However, the act of deprecating, or deleting, datasets has been largely overlooked, and there are currently no standardized approaches for structuring this stage of the dataset life cycle. In this paper, we study the practice of dataset deprecation in ML, identify several cases of datasets that continued to circulate despite having been deprecated, and describe the different technical, legal, ethical, and organizational issues raised by such continuations. We then propose a Dataset Deprecation Framework that includes considerations of risk, mitigation of impact, appeal mechanisms, timeline, post-deprecation protocols, and publication checks that can be adapted and implemented by the ML community. Finally, we propose creating a centralized, sustainable repository system for archiving datasets, tracking dataset modifications or deprecations, and facilitating practices of care and stewardship that can be integrated into research and publication processes.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 108 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Oct 2021.
Builds on
32 of 108 references.
References · 32
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2020Extracting Training Data from Large Language Modelscited by 2,144
- 2018Datasheets for Datasetscited by 1,371
- 2017Random Erasing Data Augmentationcited by 1,235
- 2018Model Cards for Model Reportingcited by 1,068
- 2019Machine Unlearningcited by 1,020
- 2021Deduplicating Training Data Makes Language Models Bettercited by 705
- 2016MS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognitioncited by 621
- 2021Documenting Large Webtext Corpora: A Case Study on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpuscited by 481
- 2021Pervasive Label Errors in Test Sets Destabilize Machine Learning Benchmarkscited by 388
- 2020Data and its (dis)contents: A survey of dataset development and use in machine learning researchcited by 259
- 2020Large image datasets: A pyrrhic win for computer vision?cited by 237
20 more
- 2016Diachronic Word Embeddings Reveal Statistical Laws of Semantic Changecited by 219
- 2019Learning a Neural Solver for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 198
- 2020Social Biases in NLP Models as Barriers for Persons with Disabilitiescited by 182
- 2019Towards Fairer Datasets: Filtering and Balancing the Distribution of the People Subtree in the ImageNet Hierarchycited by 156
- 2017No Classification without Representation: Assessing Geodiversity Issues in Open Data Sets for the Developing Worldcited by 152
- 2018Diachronic word embeddings and semantic shifts: a surveycited by 90
- 2019Analyzing Information Leakage of Updates to Natural Language Modelscited by 89
- 2020Saving Face: Investigating the Ethical Concerns of Facial Recognition Auditingcited by 89
- 2020Machine Unlearning: Linear Filtration for Logit-based Classifierscited by 89
- 2021Do Datasets Have Politics? Disciplinary Values in Computer Vision Dataset Developmentcited by 85
- 2021A Study of Face Obfuscation in ImageNetcited by 83
- 2021Demystifying the Draft EU Artificial Intelligence Actcited by 82
- 2021What's in the Box? A Preliminary Analysis of Undesirable Content in the Common Crawl Corpuscited by 79
- 2020Radioactive data: tracing through trainingcited by 67
- 2019Do We Train on Test Data? Purging CIFAR of Near-Duplicatescited by 61
- 2021Mitigating Dataset Harms Requires Stewardship: Lessons from 1000 Paperscited by 49
- 2020Towards Probabilistic Verification of Machine Unlearningcited by 46
- 2021Addressing "Documentation Debt" in Machine Learning Research: A Retrospective Datasheet for BookCorpuscited by 46
- 2019Tencent ML-Images: A Large-Scale Multi-Label Image Database for Visual Representation Learningcited by 25
- 2019Towards Standardization of Data Licenses: The Montreal Data Licensecited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 2; 2024: 9; 2025: 3.
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- 2022Repairing the Cracked Foundation: A Survey of Obstacles in Evaluation Practices for Generated Textcited by 154
- 2024Dated Data: Tracing Knowledge Cutoffs in Large Language Modelscited by 48
- 2022Turning the Tables: Biased, Imbalanced, Dynamic Tabular Datasets for ML Evaluationcited by 39
- 2024TabReD: Analyzing Pitfalls and Filling the Gaps in Tabular Deep Learning Benchmarkscited by 29
- 2022Evaluate & Evaluation on the Hub: Better Best Practices for Data and Model Measurementscited by 21
- 2023Ethical Considerations for Responsible Data Curationcited by 17
- 2022A domain-specific language for describing machine learning datasetscited by 12
- 2024Value Imprint: A Technique for Auditing the Human Values Embedded in RLHF Datasetscited by 11
- 2024Benchmark Data Repositories for Better Benchmarkingcited by 10
- 2023Child Face Recognition at Scale: Synthetic Data Generation and Performance Benchmarkcited by 6
- 2024Building Better Datasets: Seven Recommendations for Responsible Design from Dataset Creatorscited by 5
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- 2025Completeness of Datasets Documentation on ML/AI repositories: an Empirical Investigationcited by 3
- 2024Using Large Language Models to Enrich the Documentation of Datasets for Machine Learningcited by 2
- 2024A Taxonomy of Challenges to Curating Fair Datasetscited by 2
- 2024Towards Equitable Agile Research and Development of AI and Roboticscited by 1
- 2024On the Readiness of Scientific Data for a Fair and Transparent Use in Machine Learningcited by 0
- 2025Deprecating Benchmarks: Criteria and Frameworkcited by 0
- 2025Deprecating Benchmarks: Criteria and Framework8 Jul 2025
- 2025Machine Learning Models Have a Supply Chain Problem28 May 2025
- 2025Completeness of Datasets Documentation on ML/AI repositories: an Empirical Investigation10 Feb 2025
- 2024Value Imprint: A Technique for Auditing the Human Values Embedded in RLHF Datasets18 Nov 2024
- 2024Benchmark Data Repositories for Better Benchmarking31 Oct 2024
- 2024Building Better Datasets: Seven Recommendations for Responsible Design from Dataset Creators30 Aug 2024
- 2024TabReD: Analyzing Pitfalls and Filling the Gaps in Tabular Deep Learning Benchmarks27 Jun 2024
- 2024A Taxonomy of Challenges to Curating Fair Datasets10 Jun 2024
- 2024Using Large Language Models to Enrich the Documentation of Datasets for Machine Learning4 Apr 2024
- 2024Dated Data: Tracing Knowledge Cutoffs in Large Language Models19 Mar 2024
- 2024Towards Equitable Agile Research and Development of AI and Robotics13 Feb 2024
- 2024On the Readiness of Scientific Data for a Fair and Transparent Use in Machine Learning18 Jan 2024
6 more
- 2023Child Face Recognition at Scale: Synthetic Data Generation and Performance Benchmark23 Apr 2023
- 2023Ethical Considerations for Responsible Data Curation7 Feb 2023
- 2022Turning the Tables: Biased, Imbalanced, Dynamic Tabular Datasets for ML Evaluation24 Nov 2022
- 2022Evaluate & Evaluation on the Hub: Better Best Practices for Data and Model Measurements30 Sep 2022
- 2022A domain-specific language for describing machine learning datasets5 Jul 2022
- 2022Repairing the Cracked Foundation: A Survey of Obstacles in Evaluation Practices for Generated Text14 Feb 2022
- 2022Repairing the Cracked Foundation: A Survey of Obstacles in Evaluation Practices for Generated Textcited by 154
- 2024Dated Data: Tracing Knowledge Cutoffs in Large Language Modelscited by 48
- 2022Turning the Tables: Biased, Imbalanced, Dynamic Tabular Datasets for ML Evaluationcited by 39
- 2024TabReD: Analyzing Pitfalls and Filling the Gaps in Tabular Deep Learning Benchmarkscited by 29
- 2022Evaluate & Evaluation on the Hub: Better Best Practices for Data and Model Measurementscited by 21
- 2023Ethical Considerations for Responsible Data Curationcited by 17
- 2022A domain-specific language for describing machine learning datasetscited by 12
- 2024Benchmark Data Repositories for Better Benchmarkingcited by 10
- 2023Child Face Recognition at Scale: Synthetic Data Generation and Performance Benchmarkcited by 6
- 2024Building Better Datasets: Seven Recommendations for Responsible Design from Dataset Creatorscited by 5
- 2025Machine Learning Models Have a Supply Chain Problemcited by 4
- 2025Completeness of Datasets Documentation on ML/AI repositories: an Empirical Investigationcited by 3
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2025Deprecating Benchmarks: Criteria and Framework8 Jul 2025
- 2025Machine Learning Models Have a Supply Chain Problem28 May 2025
- 2025Completeness of Datasets Documentation on ML/AI repositories: an Empirical Investigation10 Feb 2025
- 2024Benchmark Data Repositories for Better Benchmarking31 Oct 2024
- 2024Building Better Datasets: Seven Recommendations for Responsible Design from Dataset Creators30 Aug 2024
- 2024TabReD: Analyzing Pitfalls and Filling the Gaps in Tabular Deep Learning Benchmarks27 Jun 2024
- 2024A Taxonomy of Challenges to Curating Fair Datasets10 Jun 2024
- 2024Using Large Language Models to Enrich the Documentation of Datasets for Machine Learning4 Apr 2024
- 2024Dated Data: Tracing Knowledge Cutoffs in Large Language Models19 Mar 2024
- 2024Towards Equitable Agile Research and Development of AI and Robotics13 Feb 2024
- 2024On the Readiness of Scientific Data for a Fair and Transparent Use in Machine Learning18 Jan 2024
- 2023Child Face Recognition at Scale: Synthetic Data Generation and Performance Benchmark23 Apr 2023
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)