NoiseQA: Challenge Set Evaluation for User-Centric Question Answering
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Abstract (arXiv)
When Question-Answering (QA) systems are deployed in the real world, users query them through a variety of interfaces, such as speaking to voice assistants, typing questions into a search engine, or even translating questions to languages supported by the QA system. While there has been significant community attention devoted to identifying correct answers in passages assuming a perfectly formed question, we show that components in the pipeline that precede an answering engine can introduce varied and considerable sources of error, and performance can degrade substantially based on these upstream noise sources even for powerful pre-trained QA models. We conclude that there is substantial room for progress before QA systems can be effectively deployed, highlight the need for QA evaluation to expand to consider real-world use, and hope that our findings will spur greater community interest in the issues that arise when our systems actually need to be of utility to humans.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Feb 2021.
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40 of 82 references.
References · 40
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 7; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 5.
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- 2021SPGISpeech: 5,000 hours of transcribed financial audio for fully formatted end-to-end speech recognitioncited by 77
- 2021NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language Augmentationcited by 72
- 2021SD-QA: Spoken Dialectal Question Answering for the Real Worldcited by 36
- 2022ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets for Evaluating Machine Translation Metricscited by 25
- 2021Disfl-QA: A Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Disfluencies in Question Answeringcited by 20
- 2021Revisiting the Boundary between ASR and NLU in the Age of Conversational Dialog Systemscited by 15
- 2022DUAL: Discrete Spoken Unit Adaptive Learning for Textless Spoken Question Answeringcited by 15
- 2022Measures of Information Reflect Memorization Patternscited by 12
- 2025Teaching Vision-Language Models to Ask: Resolving Ambiguity in Visual Questionscited by 11
- 2022What do we Really Know about State of the Art NER?cited by 10
- 2023Robust Question Answering against Distribution Shifts with Test-Time Adaptation: An Empirical Studycited by 8
- 2022On the Impact of Speech Recognition Errors in Passage Retrieval for Spoken Question Answeringcited by 6
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- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2021Noisy Text Data: Achilles' Heel of popular transformer based NLP modelscited by 3
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- 2025Misspellings in Natural Language Processing: A surveycited by 3
- 2025PromptSuite: A Task-Agnostic Framework for Multi-Prompt Generationcited by 3
- 2022Ask to Understand: Question Generation for Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2024A Multimodal Dense Retrieval Approach for Speech-Based Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2023READIN: A Chinese Multi-Task Benchmark with Realistic and Diverse Input Noisescited by 1
- 2025CTTA-T: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Text Understanding via Teacher-Student with a Domain-aware and Generalized Teachercited by 1
- 2022Towards leveraging latent knowledge and Dialogue context for real-world conversational question answeringcited by 0
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- 2024Identifying Shopping Intent in Product QA for Proactive Recommendationscited by 0
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- 2025CTTA-T: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Text Understanding via Teacher-Student with a Domain-aware and Generalized Teacher20 Dec 2025
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- 2024A Multimodal Dense Retrieval Approach for Speech-Based Open-Domain Question Answering20 Sep 2024
- 2024Identifying Shopping Intent in Product QA for Proactive Recommendations9 Apr 2024
- 2023ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets at WMT 20232 Nov 2023
- 2023Test-Time Adaptation with Perturbation Consistency Learning25 Apr 2023
- 2023READIN: A Chinese Multi-Task Benchmark with Realistic and Diverse Input Noises14 Feb 2023
- 2023Robust Question Answering against Distribution Shifts with Test-Time Adaptation: An Empirical Study9 Feb 2023
- 2022Towards leveraging latent knowledge and Dialogue context for real-world conversational question answering17 Dec 2022
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- 2022ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets for Evaluating Machine Translation Metrics27 Oct 2022
- 2022Measures of Information Reflect Memorization Patterns17 Oct 2022
- 2022On the Impact of Speech Recognition Errors in Passage Retrieval for Spoken Question Answering26 Sep 2022
- 2022What do we Really Know about State of the Art NER?29 Apr 2022
- 2022Ask to Understand: Question Generation for Multi-hop Question Answering17 Mar 2022
- 2022DUAL: Discrete Spoken Unit Adaptive Learning for Textless Spoken Question Answering9 Mar 2022
- 2021Revisiting the Boundary between ASR and NLU in the Age of Conversational Dialog Systems10 Dec 2021
- 2021NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language Augmentation6 Dec 2021
- 2021Noisy Text Data: Achilles' Heel of popular transformer based NLP models7 Oct 2021
- 2021SD-QA: Spoken Dialectal Question Answering for the Real World24 Sep 2021
- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answering24 Sep 2021
- 2021Disfl-QA: A Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Disfluencies in Question Answering8 Jun 2021
- 2021SPGISpeech: 5,000 hours of transcribed financial audio for fully formatted end-to-end speech recognition5 Apr 2021
- 2021SPGISpeech: 5,000 hours of transcribed financial audio for fully formatted end-to-end speech recognitioncited by 77
- 2021NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language Augmentationcited by 72
- 2021SD-QA: Spoken Dialectal Question Answering for the Real Worldcited by 36
- 2022ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets for Evaluating Machine Translation Metricscited by 25
- 2021Disfl-QA: A Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Disfluencies in Question Answeringcited by 20
- 2021Revisiting the Boundary between ASR and NLU in the Age of Conversational Dialog Systemscited by 15
- 2022DUAL: Discrete Spoken Unit Adaptive Learning for Textless Spoken Question Answeringcited by 15
- 2022Measures of Information Reflect Memorization Patternscited by 12
- 2022What do we Really Know about State of the Art NER?cited by 10
- 2023Robust Question Answering against Distribution Shifts with Test-Time Adaptation: An Empirical Studycited by 8
- 2022On the Impact of Speech Recognition Errors in Passage Retrieval for Spoken Question Answeringcited by 6
- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answeringcited by 3
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2025CTTA-T: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Text Understanding via Teacher-Student with a Domain-aware and Generalized Teacher20 Dec 2025
- 2025Typoglycemia under the Hood: Investigating Language Models' Understanding of Scrambled Words24 Oct 2025
- 2025PromptSuite: A Task-Agnostic Framework for Multi-Prompt Generation20 Jul 2025
- 2025Misspellings in Natural Language Processing: A survey28 Jan 2025
- 2024A Multimodal Dense Retrieval Approach for Speech-Based Open-Domain Question Answering20 Sep 2024
- 2024Identifying Shopping Intent in Product QA for Proactive Recommendations9 Apr 2024
- 2023ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets at WMT 20232 Nov 2023
- 2023Test-Time Adaptation with Perturbation Consistency Learning25 Apr 2023
- 2023READIN: A Chinese Multi-Task Benchmark with Realistic and Diverse Input Noises14 Feb 2023
- 2023Robust Question Answering against Distribution Shifts with Test-Time Adaptation: An Empirical Study9 Feb 2023
- 2022Towards leveraging latent knowledge and Dialogue context for real-world conversational question answering17 Dec 2022
- 2022ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets for Evaluating Machine Translation Metrics27 Oct 2022
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)