mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NoiseQA: Challenge Set Evaluation for User-Centric Question Answering

arXiv 2102.08345 ↗First posted 16 Feb 2021cs.CLcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

When Question-Answering (QA) systems are deployed in the real world, users query them through a variety of interfaces, such as speaking to voice assistants, typing questions into a search engine, or even translating questions to languages supported by the QA system. While there has been significant community attention devoted to identifying correct answers in passages assuming a perfectly formed question, we show that components in the pipeline that precede an answering engine can introduce varied and considerable sources of error, and performance can degrade substantially based on these upstream noise sources even for powerful pre-trained QA models. We conclude that there is substantial room for progress before QA systems can be effectively deployed, highlight the need for QA evaluation to expand to consider real-world use, and hope that our findings will spur greater community interest in the issues that arise when our systems actually need to be of utility to humans.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Feb 2021.

Builds on

40 of 82 references.

References · 40

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28 more
  1. 2017Adversarial Examples for Evaluating Reading Comprehension Systemscited by 568
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  4. 2017Synthetic and Natural Noise Both Break Neural Machine Translationcited by 304
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 7; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 5.

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  1. 2021SPGISpeech: 5,000 hours of transcribed financial audio for fully formatted end-to-end speech recognitioncited by 77
  2. 2021NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language Augmentationcited by 72
  3. 2021SD-QA: Spoken Dialectal Question Answering for the Real Worldcited by 36
  4. 2022ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets for Evaluating Machine Translation Metricscited by 25
  5. 2021Disfl-QA: A Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Disfluencies in Question Answeringcited by 20
  6. 2021Revisiting the Boundary between ASR and NLU in the Age of Conversational Dialog Systemscited by 15
  7. 2022DUAL: Discrete Spoken Unit Adaptive Learning for Textless Spoken Question Answeringcited by 15
  8. 2022Measures of Information Reflect Memorization Patternscited by 12
  9. 2025Teaching Vision-Language Models to Ask: Resolving Ambiguity in Visual Questionscited by 11
  10. 2022What do we Really Know about State of the Art NER?cited by 10
  11. 2023Robust Question Answering against Distribution Shifts with Test-Time Adaptation: An Empirical Studycited by 8
  12. 2022On the Impact of Speech Recognition Errors in Passage Retrieval for Spoken Question Answeringcited by 6
13 more
  1. 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answeringcited by 3
  2. 2021Noisy Text Data: Achilles' Heel of popular transformer based NLP modelscited by 3
  3. 2023ACES: Translation Accuracy Challenge Sets at WMT 2023cited by 3
  4. 2025Misspellings in Natural Language Processing: A surveycited by 3
  5. 2025PromptSuite: A Task-Agnostic Framework for Multi-Prompt Generationcited by 3
  6. 2022Ask to Understand: Question Generation for Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 2
  7. 2024A Multimodal Dense Retrieval Approach for Speech-Based Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 2
  8. 2023READIN: A Chinese Multi-Task Benchmark with Realistic and Diverse Input Noisescited by 1
  9. 2025CTTA-T: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Text Understanding via Teacher-Student with a Domain-aware and Generalized Teachercited by 1
  10. 2022Towards leveraging latent knowledge and Dialogue context for real-world conversational question answeringcited by 0
  11. 2023Test-Time Adaptation with Perturbation Consistency Learningcited by 0
  12. 2024Identifying Shopping Intent in Product QA for Proactive Recommendationscited by 0
  13. 2025Typoglycemia under the Hood: Investigating Language Models' Understanding of Scrambled Wordscited by 0