Federated Reconstruction: Partially Local Federated Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Personalization methods in federated learning aim to balance the benefits of federated and local training for data availability, communication cost, and robustness to client heterogeneity. Approaches that require clients to communicate all model parameters can be undesirable due to privacy and communication constraints. Other approaches require always-available or stateful clients, impractical in large-scale cross-device settings. We introduce Federated Reconstruction, the first model-agnostic framework for partially local federated learning suitable for training and inference at scale. We motivate the framework via a connection to model-agnostic meta learning, empirically demonstrate its performance over existing approaches for collaborative filtering and next word prediction, and release an open-source library for evaluating approaches in this setting. We also describe the successful deployment of this approach at scale for federated collaborative filtering in a mobile keyboard application.
Key facts. Cited by 78 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2021.
Builds on
38 of 58 references.
References · 38
- 2016Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Datacited by 7,592
- 2017Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networkscited by 4,861
- 2019Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learningcited by 3,021
- 2018Federated Optimization in Heterogeneous Networkscited by 2,971
- 2016Deep Learning with Differential Privacycited by 2,682
- 2019Federated Learning: Challenges, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 1,531
- 2020Adaptive Federated Optimizationcited by 1,036
- 2019Deep Leakage from Gradientscited by 1,004
- 2018On First-Order Meta-Learning Algorithmscited by 1,003
- 2019Towards Federated Learning at Scale: System Designcited by 826
- 2020Inverting Gradients -- How easy is it to break privacy in federated learning?cited by 707
- 2017Federated Multi-Task Learningcited by 669
26 more
- 2020Personalized Federated Learning with Moreau Envelopescited by 612
- 2018Federated Learning for Mobile Keyboard Predictioncited by 565
- 2019Federated Learning with Personalization Layerscited by 533
- 2017Differentially Private Federated Learning: A Client Level Perspectivecited by 451
- 2020Adaptive Personalized Federated Learningcited by 353
- 2020HeteroFL: Computation and Communication Efficient Federated Learning for Heterogeneous Clientscited by 334
- 2020Think Locally, Act Globally: Federated Learning with Local and Global Representationscited by 322
- 2020Three Approaches for Personalization with Applications to Federated Learningcited by 321
- 2020Personalized Federated Learning: A Meta-Learning Approachcited by 309
- 2020Personalized Cross-Silo Federated Learning on Non-IID Datacited by 282
- 2019Improving Federated Learning Personalization via Model Agnostic Meta Learningcited by 264
- 2020Federated Learning of a Mixture of Global and Local Modelscited by 208
- 2018Applied Federated Learning: Improving Google Keyboard Query Suggestionscited by 202
- 2019Adaptive Gradient-Based Meta-Learning Methodscited by 183
- 2019Private Stochastic Convex Optimization with Optimal Ratescited by 183
- 2018Federated Meta-Learning with Fast Convergence and Efficient Communicationcited by 154
- 2019Federated Evaluation of On-device Personalizationcited by 147
- 2020Salvaging Federated Learning by Local Adaptationcited by 142
- 2019Secure Federated Matrix Factorizationcited by 102
- 2019Federated Collaborative Filtering for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Recommendation Systemcited by 79
- 2020A Framework for Evaluating Gradient Leakage Attacks in Federated Learningcited by 63
- 2019Meta Matrix Factorization for Federated Rating Predictionscited by 48
- 2020Federated Multi-view Matrix Factorization for Personalized Recommendationscited by 27
- 2020FedNER: Privacy-preserving Medical Named Entity Recognition with Federated Learningcited by 24
- 2020Privacy Threats Against Federated Matrix Factorizationcited by 6
- 2016Bolt-on Differential Privacy for Scalable Stochastic Gradient Descent-based Analyticscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 22; 2023: 29; 2024: 11; 2025: 10; 2026: 1.
78 papers.
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- 2021A Field Guide to Federated Optimizationcited by 312
- 2022Generalized Federated Learning via Sharpness Aware Minimizationcited by 144
- 2022Federated Learning with Partial Model Personalizationcited by 114
- 2021What Do We Mean by Generalization in Federated Learning?cited by 62
- 2022Improved Differential Privacy for SGD via Optimal Private Linear Operators on Adaptive Streamscited by 59
- 2022Federated Learning via Inexact ADMMcited by 44
- 2022pFL-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Personalized Federated Learningcited by 44
- 2022A Survey on Heterogeneous Federated Learningcited by 42
- 2022Test-Time Robust Personalization for Federated Learningcited by 39
- 2023Efficient Personalized Federated Learning via Sparse Model-Adaptationcited by 38
- 2022FedPop: A Bayesian Approach for Personalised Federated Learningcited by 35
- 2021FedCV: A Federated Learning Framework for Diverse Computer Vision Taskscited by 32
38 more
- 2022Motley: Benchmarking Heterogeneity and Personalization in Federated Learningcited by 31
- 2023Privacy and Fairness in Federated Learning: on the Perspective of Trade-offcited by 26
- 2022A Survey on Federated Recommendation Systemscited by 25
- 2024Federated Unlearning: A Survey on Methods, Design Guidelines, and Evaluation Metricscited by 25
- 2022Personalization Improves Privacy-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Federated Learningcited by 23
- 2022Learning to Generate Image Embeddings with User-level Differential Privacycited by 23
- 2023DFRD: Data-Free Robustness Distillation for Heterogeneous Federated Learningcited by 23
- 2023Privacy and Efficiency of Communications in Federated Split Learningcited by 20
- 2023Unlocking the Potential of Prompt-Tuning in Bridging Generalized and Personalized Federated Learningcited by 20
- 2022SphereFed: Hyperspherical Federated Learningcited by 19
- 2023Dual Personalization on Federated Recommendationcited by 19
- 2022Towards Fair Federated Recommendation Learning: Characterizing the Inter-Dependence of System and Data Heterogeneitycited by 17
- 2022Distributed Distributionally Robust Optimization with Non-Convex Objectivescited by 14
- 2022Watermarking in Secure Federated Learning: A Verification Framework Based on Client-Side Backdooringcited by 14
- 2021Efficient and Private Federated Learning with Partially Trainable Networkscited by 13
- 2023Share Your Representation Only: Guaranteed Improvement of the Privacy-Utility Tradeoff in Federated Learningcited by 13
- 2023OPORP: One Permutation + One Random Projectioncited by 11
- 2023Federated Recommendation with Additive Personalizationcited by 9
- 2023pFedSim: Similarity-Aware Model Aggregation Towards Personalized Federated Learningcited by 9
- 2023Profit: Benchmarking Personalization and Robustness Trade-off in Federated Prompt Tuningcited by 9
- 2024Enable the Right to be Forgotten with Federated Client Unlearning in Medical Imagingcited by 9
- 2024Co-clustering for Federated Recommender Systemcited by 9
- 2022Mixed Federated Learning: Joint Decentralized and Centralized Learningcited by 8
- 2023Partially Personalized Federated Learning: Breaking the Curse of Data Heterogeneitycited by 8
- 2021How global observation works in Federated Learning: Integrating vertical training into Horizontal Federated Learningcited by 6
- 2023Private Learning with Public Featurescited by 6
- 2022Federated Fuzzy Neural Network with Evolutionary Rule Learningcited by 5
- 2023Personalised Federated Learning On Heterogeneous Feature Spacescited by 5
- 2023Differential Privacy with Random Projections and Sign Random Projectionscited by 5
- 2023A Practical Recipe for Federated Learning Under Statistical Heterogeneity Experimental Designcited by 5
- 2024PraFFL: A Preference-Aware Scheme in Fair Federated Learningcited by 5
- 2022Personalized Federated Learning with Exact Stochastic Gradient Descentcited by 4
- 2022FedSPLIT: One-Shot Federated Recommendation System Based on Non-negative Joint Matrix Factorization and Knowledge Distillationcited by 4
- 2023When does the student surpass the teacher? Federated Semi-supervised Learning with Teacher-Student EMAcited by 4
- 2023Federated Distributionally Robust Optimization with Non-Convex Objectives: Algorithm and Analysiscited by 4
- 2023Mobilizing Personalized Federated Learning in Infrastructure-Less and Heterogeneous Environments via Random Walk Stochastic ADMMcited by 3
- 2023FLEdge: Benchmarking Federated Machine Learning Applications in Edge Computing Systemscited by 3
- 2023Now It Sounds Like You: Learning Personalized Vocabulary On Devicecited by 2
50 most cited of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2026Improving Federated Graph Recommendation with Semantic Guidance13 Jun 2026
- 2025ZK-APEX: Zero-Knowledge Approximate Personalized Unlearning with Executable Proofs9 Dec 2025
- 2025Federated Learning via Meta-Variational Dropout23 Oct 2025
- 2025Graph Federated Learning for Personalized Privacy Recommendation8 Aug 2025
- 2025FedAPM: Federated Learning via ADMM with Partial Model Personalization5 Jun 2025
- 2025Addressing the Collaboration Dilemma in Low-Data Federated Learning via Transient Sparsity1 Jun 2025
- 2025Generalized and Personalized Federated Learning with Black-Box Foundation Models via Orthogonal Transformations26 May 2025
- 2025Personalized Recommendation Models in Federated Settings: A Survey10 Mar 2025
- 2025Task-Agnostic Federation over Decentralized Data: Research Landscape and Visions5 Mar 2025
- 2025pMixFed: Efficient Personalized Federated Learning through Adaptive Layer-Wise Mixup19 Jan 2025
- 2025UFGraphFR: Graph Federation Recommendation System based on User Text description features14 Jan 2025
- 2024Co-clustering for Federated Recommender System3 Nov 2024
38 more
- 2024Understanding the Statistical Accuracy-Communication Trade-off in Personalized Federated Learning with Minimax Guarantees11 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning with Shared Representations: Statistical Rates and Efficient Algorithms7 Sep 2024
- 2024Enable the Right to be Forgotten with Federated Client Unlearning in Medical Imaging2 Jul 2024
- 2024Communication-Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Decentralized Meta-Learning19 Jun 2024
- 2024Recent Advances in Federated Learning Driven Large Language Models: A Survey on Architecture, Performance, and Security14 Jun 2024
- 2024EmInspector: Combating Backdoor Attacks in Federated Self-Supervised Learning Through Embedding Inspection21 May 2024
- 2024PraFFL: A Preference-Aware Scheme in Fair Federated Learning13 Apr 2024
- 2024DA-PFL: Dynamic Affinity Aggregation for Personalized Federated Learning14 Mar 2024
- 2024Learn What You Need in Personalized Federated Learning16 Jan 2024
- 2024Federated Unlearning: A Survey on Methods, Design Guidelines, and Evaluation Metrics10 Jan 2024
- 2023Unlocking the Potential of Prompt-Tuning in Bridging Generalized and Personalized Federated Learning27 Oct 2023
- 2023Private Learning with Public Features24 Oct 2023
- 2023PAGE: Equilibrate Personalization and Generalization in Federated Learning13 Oct 2023
- 2023Profit: Benchmarking Personalization and Robustness Trade-off in Federated Prompt Tuning6 Oct 2023
- 2023Federated Deep Equilibrium Learning: Harnessing Compact Global Representations to Enhance Personalization27 Sep 2023
- 2023DFRD: Data-Free Robustness Distillation for Heterogeneous Federated Learning24 Sep 2023
- 2023Share Your Representation Only: Guaranteed Improvement of the Privacy-Utility Tradeoff in Federated Learning11 Sep 2023
- 2023Towards Federated Learning Under Resource Constraints via Layer-wise Training and Depth Dropout11 Sep 2023
- 2023A Practical Recipe for Federated Learning Under Statistical Heterogeneity Experimental Design28 Jul 2023
- 2023Federated Distributionally Robust Optimization with Non-Convex Objectives: Algorithm and Analysis25 Jul 2023
- 2023TinyMetaFed: Efficient Federated Meta-Learning for TinyML13 Jul 2023
- 2023Privacy and Fairness in Federated Learning: on the Perspective of Trade-off25 Jun 2023
- 2023FLEdge: Benchmarking Federated Machine Learning Applications in Edge Computing Systems8 Jun 2023
- 2023Masked Autoencoders are Efficient Continual Federated Learners6 Jun 2023
- 2023Global Layers: Non-IID Tabular Federated Learning29 May 2023
- 2023Partially Personalized Federated Learning: Breaking the Curse of Data Heterogeneity29 May 2023
- 2023pFedSim: Similarity-Aware Model Aggregation Towards Personalized Federated Learning25 May 2023
- 2023Federated Variational Inference: Towards Improved Personalization and Generalization23 May 2023
- 2023Differential Privacy with Random Projections and Sign Random Projections22 May 2023
- 2023Now It Sounds Like You: Learning Personalized Vocabulary On Device5 May 2023
- 2023Efficient Personalized Federated Learning via Sparse Model-Adaptation4 May 2023
- 2023Mobilizing Personalized Federated Learning in Infrastructure-Less and Heterogeneous Environments via Random Walk Stochastic ADMM25 Apr 2023
- 2023OPORP: One Permutation + One Random Projection7 Feb 2023
- 2023Personalised Federated Learning On Heterogeneous Feature Spaces26 Jan 2023
- 2023When does the student surpass the teacher? Federated Semi-supervised Learning with Teacher-Student EMA24 Jan 2023
- 2023Federated Recommendation with Additive Personalization22 Jan 2023
- 2023Dual Personalization on Federated Recommendation16 Jan 2023
- 2023Contrast with Major Classifier Vectors for Federated Medical Relation Extraction with Heterogeneous Label Distribution13 Jan 2023
50 newest of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2024Federated Unlearning: A Survey on Methods, Design Guidelines, and Evaluation Metricscited by 25
- 2024Enable the Right to be Forgotten with Federated Client Unlearning in Medical Imagingcited by 9
- 2024Recent Advances in Federated Learning Driven Large Language Models: A Survey on Architecture, Performance, and Securitycited by 1
- 2025ZK-APEX: Zero-Knowledge Approximate Personalized Unlearning with Executable Proofscited by 1
- 2025ZK-APEX: Zero-Knowledge Approximate Personalized Unlearning with Executable Proofs9 Dec 2025
- 2024Enable the Right to be Forgotten with Federated Client Unlearning in Medical Imaging2 Jul 2024
- 2024Recent Advances in Federated Learning Driven Large Language Models: A Survey on Architecture, Performance, and Security14 Jun 2024
- 2024Federated Unlearning: A Survey on Methods, Design Guidelines, and Evaluation Metrics10 Jan 2024
- 2021A Field Guide to Federated Optimizationcited by 312
- 2022Generalized Federated Learning via Sharpness Aware Minimizationcited by 144
- 2022Federated Learning with Partial Model Personalizationcited by 114
- 2021What Do We Mean by Generalization in Federated Learning?cited by 62
- 2022Improved Differential Privacy for SGD via Optimal Private Linear Operators on Adaptive Streamscited by 59
- 2022Federated Learning via Inexact ADMMcited by 44
- 2022pFL-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Personalized Federated Learningcited by 44
- 2022A Survey on Heterogeneous Federated Learningcited by 42
- 2022Test-Time Robust Personalization for Federated Learningcited by 39
- 2023Efficient Personalized Federated Learning via Sparse Model-Adaptationcited by 38
- 2022FedPop: A Bayesian Approach for Personalised Federated Learningcited by 35
- 2021FedCV: A Federated Learning Framework for Diverse Computer Vision Taskscited by 32
12 most cited of 74 All 74 (JSON)
- 2026Improving Federated Graph Recommendation with Semantic Guidance13 Jun 2026
- 2025Federated Learning via Meta-Variational Dropout23 Oct 2025
- 2025Graph Federated Learning for Personalized Privacy Recommendation8 Aug 2025
- 2025FedAPM: Federated Learning via ADMM with Partial Model Personalization5 Jun 2025
- 2025Addressing the Collaboration Dilemma in Low-Data Federated Learning via Transient Sparsity1 Jun 2025
- 2025Generalized and Personalized Federated Learning with Black-Box Foundation Models via Orthogonal Transformations26 May 2025
- 2025Personalized Recommendation Models in Federated Settings: A Survey10 Mar 2025
- 2025Task-Agnostic Federation over Decentralized Data: Research Landscape and Visions5 Mar 2025
- 2025pMixFed: Efficient Personalized Federated Learning through Adaptive Layer-Wise Mixup19 Jan 2025
- 2025UFGraphFR: Graph Federation Recommendation System based on User Text description features14 Jan 2025
- 2024Co-clustering for Federated Recommender System3 Nov 2024
- 2024Understanding the Statistical Accuracy-Communication Trade-off in Personalized Federated Learning with Minimax Guarantees11 Oct 2024
12 newest of 74 All 74 (JSON)