Trankit: A Light-Weight Transformer-based Toolkit for Multilingual Natural Language Processing
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Trankit, a light-weight Transformer-based Toolkit for multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP). It provides a trainable pipeline for fundamental NLP tasks over 100 languages, and 90 pretrained pipelines for 56 languages. Built on a state-of-the-art pretrained language model, Trankit significantly outperforms prior multilingual NLP pipelines over sentence segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, morphological feature tagging, and dependency parsing while maintaining competitive performance for tokenization, multi-word token expansion, and lemmatization over 90 Universal Dependencies treebanks. Despite the use of a large pretrained transformer, our toolkit is still efficient in memory usage and speed. This is achieved by our novel plug-and-play mechanism with Adapters where a multilingual pretrained transformer is shared across pipelines for different languages. Our toolkit along with pretrained models and code are publicly available at: https://github.com/nlp-uoregon/trankit. A demo website for our toolkit is also available at: http://nlp.uoregon.edu/trankit. Finally, we create a demo video for Trankit at: https://youtu.be/q0KGP3zGjGc.
Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2021.
Builds on
26 of 44 references.
References · 26
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- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2019Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for NLPcited by 4,195
- 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,907
- 2013Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionalitycited by 3,462
- 2018SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processingcited by 1,973
- 2016Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Informationcited by 1,578
- 2019BERT Rediscovers the Classical NLP Pipelinecited by 1,046
- 2020AdapterFusion: Non-Destructive Task Composition for Transfer Learningcited by 780
- 2020Stanza: A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Many Human Languagescited by 719
- 2018Subword Regularization: Improving Neural Network Translation Models with Multiple Subword Candidatescited by 632
- 2020MAD-X: An Adapter-Based Framework for Multi-Task Cross-Lingual Transfercited by 443
14 more
- 2020AdapterHub: A Framework for Adapting Transformerscited by 441
- 2016Deep Biaffine Attention for Neural Dependency Parsingcited by 334
- 2020Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collectioncited by 269
- 2019Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 246
- 2019To Tune or Not to Tune? Adapting Pretrained Representations to Diverse Taskscited by 167
- 2020PhoBERT: Pre-trained language models for Vietnamesecited by 148
- 2019BERTje: A Dutch BERT Modelcited by 109
- 201975 Languages, 1 Model: Parsing Universal Dependencies Universallycited by 90
- 2020UDapter: Language Adaptation for Truly Universal Dependency Parsingcited by 77
- 2019Small and Practical BERT Models for Sequence Labelingcited by 40
- 2019BERT Meets Chinese Word Segmentationcited by 4
- 2020Cross-lingual Word Sense Disambiguation using mBERT Embeddings with Syntactic Dependenciescited by 3
- 2020Cross-Lingual Adaptation Using Universal Dependenciescited by 2
- 2020Evaluating Multilingual BERT for Estoniancited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 10; 2023: 17; 2024: 18; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.
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- 2021Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing via Large Pre-Trained Language Models: A Surveycited by 457
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learningcited by 203
- 2023Okapi: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models in Multiple Languages with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 189
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- 2023Women Are Beautiful, Men Are Leaders: Gender Stereotypes in Machine Translation and Language Modelingcited by 12
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- 2022A Second Wave of UD Hebrew Treebanking and Cross-Domain Parsingcited by 10
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- 2023Explicit Morphological Knowledge Improves Pre-training of Language Models for Hebrewcited by 5
- 2021On the Relation between Syntactic Divergence and Zero-Shot Performancecited by 4
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- 2023Code-Switching with Word Senses for Pretraining in Neural Machine Translationcited by 4
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- 2023Integrating Image Features with Convolutional Sequence-to-sequence Network for Multilingual Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2023Revealing Weaknesses of Vietnamese Language Models Through Unanswerable Questions in Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 0
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50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
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- 2025Frame Semantic Patterns for Identifying Underreporting of Notifiable Events in Healthcare: The Case of Gender-Based Violence30 Oct 2025
- 2025Evaluating the Impact of LLM-Assisted Annotation in a Perspectivized Setting: the Case of FrameNet Annotation29 Oct 2025
- 2025Assessing the Political Fairness of Multilingual LLMs: A Case Study based on a 21-way Multiparallel EuroParl Dataset23 Oct 2025
- 2025Single-to-mix Modality Alignment with Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Image Machine Translation10 Jul 2025
- 2025UD-KSL Treebank v1.3: A semi-automated framework for aligning XPOS-extracted units with UPOS tags10 Jun 2025
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- 2025Counting trees: A treebank-driven exploration of syntactic variation in speech and writing across languages28 May 2025
- 2025Nested Named-Entity Recognition on Vietnamese COVID-19: Dataset and Experiments21 Apr 2025
- 2025Second language Korean Universal Dependency treebank v1.2: Focus on data augmentation and annotation scheme refinement18 Mar 2025
- 2024A State-of-the-Art Morphosyntactic Parser and Lemmatizer for Ancient Greek15 Oct 2024
- 2024Leveraging Customer Feedback for Multi-modal Insight Extraction13 Oct 2024
- 2024Assessing the Role of Lexical Semantics in Cross-lingual Transfer through Controlled Manipulations14 Aug 2024
- 2024Identifying Speakers in Dialogue Transcripts: A Text-based Approach Using Pretrained Language Models16 Jul 2024
- 2024Strengthening Structural Inductive Biases by Pre-training to Perform Syntactic Transformations5 Jul 2024
- 2024eFontes. Part of Speech Tagging and Lemmatization of Medieval Latin Texts.A Cross-Genre Survey29 Jun 2024
- 2024WarCov -- Large multilabel and multimodal dataset from social platform10 Jun 2024
- 2024The Knesset Corpus: An Annotated Corpus of Hebrew Parliamentary Proceedings28 May 2024
- 2024Thai Universal Dependency Treebank13 May 2024
- 2024A Closer Look at Claim Decomposition18 Mar 2024
- 2024MRL Parsing Without Tears: The Case of Hebrew11 Mar 2024
- 2024NLPre: a revised approach towards language-centric benchmarking of Natural Language Preprocessing systems7 Mar 2024
- 2024Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Document-Level Event Causality Identification with Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Transfer Learning5 Mar 2024
- 2024RFBES at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Investigating Syntactic and Semantic Features for Distinguishing AI-Generated and Human-Written Texts19 Feb 2024
- 2024Fine Tuning Named Entity Extraction Models for the Fantasy Domain16 Feb 2024
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- 2024Beyond Image-Text Matching: Verb Understanding in Multimodal Transformers Using Guided Masking29 Jan 2024
- 2024MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models24 Jan 2024
- 2023Women Are Beautiful, Men Are Leaders: Gender Stereotypes in Machine Translation and Language Modeling30 Nov 2023
- 2023Explicit Morphological Knowledge Improves Pre-training of Language Models for Hebrew1 Nov 2023
- 2023Code-Switching with Word Senses for Pretraining in Neural Machine Translation21 Oct 2023
- 2023Improving Cross-Lingual Transfer through Subtree-Aware Word Reordering20 Oct 2023
- 2023DepNeCTI: Dependency-based Nested Compound Type Identification for Sanskrit14 Oct 2023
- 2023Comparative Analysis of Named Entity Recognition in the Dungeons and Dragons Domain29 Sep 2023
- 2023The ParlaSent Multilingual Training Dataset for Sentiment Identification in Parliamentary Proceedings18 Sep 2023
- 2023Advancing Hungarian Text Processing with HuSpaCy: Efficient and Accurate NLP Pipelines24 Aug 2023
- 2023CLASSLA-Stanza: The Next Step for Linguistic Processing of South Slavic Languages8 Aug 2023
- 2023Okapi: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models in Multiple Languages with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback29 Jul 2023
- 2023GENTLE: A Genre-Diverse Multilayer Challenge Set for English NLP and Linguistic Evaluation3 Jun 2023
- 2023Conjunct Resolution in the Face of Verbal Omissions26 May 2023
- 2023The Perfect Victim: Computational Analysis of Judicial Attitudes towards Victims of Sexual Violence9 May 2023
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learning12 Apr 2023
- 2023WikiGoldSK: Annotated Dataset, Baselines and Few-Shot Learning Experiments for Slovak Named Entity Recognition8 Apr 2023
- 2023Integrating Image Features with Convolutional Sequence-to-sequence Network for Multilingual Visual Question Answering22 Mar 2023
- 2023Revealing Weaknesses of Vietnamese Language Models Through Unanswerable Questions in Machine Reading Comprehension16 Mar 2023
50 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2021Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing via Large Pre-Trained Language Models: A Surveycited by 457
- 2023ChatGPT Beyond English: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models in Multilingual Learningcited by 203
- 2021A Primer on Pretrained Multilingual Language Modelscited by 49
- 2024A Closer Look at Claim Decompositioncited by 40
- 2021AlephBERT:A Hebrew Large Pre-Trained Language Model to Start-off your Hebrew NLP Application Withcited by 28
- 2024MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 28
- 2022MEE: A Novel Multilingual Event Extraction Datasetcited by 17
- 2023GENTLE: A Genre-Diverse Multilayer Challenge Set for English NLP and Linguistic Evaluationcited by 17
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Modelcited by 11
- 2022A Second Wave of UD Hebrew Treebanking and Cross-Domain Parsingcited by 10
- 2022FAMIE: A Fast Active Learning Framework for Multilingual Information Extractioncited by 8
- 2022MINION: a Large-Scale and Diverse Dataset for Multilingual Event Detectioncited by 8
12 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
- 2026Looking for Affect in Spontaneous Finnish Speech through Linguistic Interpretability27 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Clean Text: Evaluating Encoder and Decoder Robustness for Bangla Event Detection in Noisy Text29 Jun 2026
- 2026Comonadic Morphophonology: A Compositional Framework for Context-Dependent Morphological Rules in Finnish27 May 2026
- 2026Parser agreement and disagreement in L2 Korean UD: Implications for human-in-the-loop annotation7 May 2026
- 2026TurkicNLP: An NLP Toolkit for Turkic Languages22 Feb 2026
- 2026NLP for Local Governance Meeting Records: A Focus Article on Tasks, Datasets, Metrics and Benchmark8 Feb 2026
- 2026Lost in Speech: Benchmarking, Evaluation, and Parsing of Spoken Bilingual Conversational Language Beyond Standard UD Assumptions6 Feb 2026
- 2025Frame Semantic Patterns for Identifying Underreporting of Notifiable Events in Healthcare: The Case of Gender-Based Violence30 Oct 2025
- 2025Evaluating the Impact of LLM-Assisted Annotation in a Perspectivized Setting: the Case of FrameNet Annotation29 Oct 2025
- 2025Assessing the Political Fairness of Multilingual LLMs: A Case Study based on a 21-way Multiparallel EuroParl Dataset23 Oct 2025
- 2025UD-KSL Treebank v1.3: A semi-automated framework for aligning XPOS-extracted units with UPOS tags10 Jun 2025
- 2025Counting trees: A treebank-driven exploration of syntactic variation in speech and writing across languages28 May 2025
12 newest of 65 All 65 (JSON)