mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Face Forgery Detection by 3D Decomposition

arXiv 2011.09737 ↗First posted 19 Nov 2020cs.CVcited by 53

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Abstract (arXiv)

Detecting digital face manipulation has attracted extensive attention due to fake media's potential harms to the public. However, recent advances have been able to reduce the forgery signals to a low magnitude. Decomposition, which reversibly decomposes an image into several constituent elements, is a promising way to highlight the hidden forgery details. In this paper, we consider a face image as the production of the intervention of the underlying 3D geometry and the lighting environment, and decompose it in a computer graphics view. Specifically, by disentangling the face image into 3D shape, common texture, identity texture, ambient light, and direct light, we find the devil lies in the direct light and the identity texture. Based on this observation, we propose to utilize facial detail, which is the combination of direct light and identity texture, as the clue to detect the subtle forgery patterns. Besides, we highlight the manipulated region with a supervised attention mechanism and introduce a two-stream structure to exploit both face image and facial detail together as a multi-modality task. Extensive experiments indicate the effectiveness of the extra features extracted from the facial detail, and our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance.

Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 14; 2023: 15; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 6.

53 papers.

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  1. 2022CelebV-HQ: A Large-Scale Video Facial Attributes Datasetcited by 246
  2. 2023UCF: Uncovering Common Features for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 177
  3. 2022Self-supervised Learning of Adversarial Example: Towards Good Generalizations for Deepfake Detectioncited by 172
  4. 2022Leveraging Real Talking Faces via Self-Supervision for Robust Forgery Detectioncited by 130
  5. 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
  6. 2024Orthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 102
  7. 2023TALL: Thumbnail Layout for Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 100
  8. 2023Detecting and Grounding Multi-Modal Media Manipulationcited by 98
  9. 2024Generalizing Deepfake Video Detection with Plug-and-Play: Video-Level Blending and Spatiotemporal Adapter Tuningcited by 57
  10. 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
  11. 2023Detecting and Grounding Multi-Modal Media Manipulation and Beyondcited by 55
  12. 2024CLIPping the Deception: Adapting Vision-Language Models for Universal Deepfake Detectioncited by 47
38 more
  1. 2022Audio-Visual Person-of-Interest DeepFake Detectioncited by 43
  2. 2025Rethinking Vision-Language Model in Face Forensics: Multi-Modal Interpretable Forged Face Detectorcited by 38
  3. 2023Robustness and Generalizability of Deepfake Detection: A Study with Diffusion Modelscited by 36
  4. 2022Detecting and Recovering Sequential DeepFake Manipulationcited by 34
  5. 2021Video Transformer for Deepfake Detection with Incremental Learningcited by 33
  6. 2023DeepFake-Adapter: Dual-Level Adapter for DeepFake Detectioncited by 26
  7. 2022Deepfake Video Detection with Spatiotemporal Dropout Transformercited by 19
  8. 2024ManiFPT: Defining and Analyzing Fingerprints of Generative Modelscited by 18
  9. 2022Digital and Physical Face Attacks: Reviewing and One Step Furthercited by 17
  10. 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
  11. 2024SoK: Systematization and Benchmarking of Deepfake Detectors in a Unified Frameworkcited by 14
  12. 2024A Survey of Defenses Against AI-Generated Visual Media: Detection,Disruption, and Authenticationcited by 12
  13. 2022FakeOut: Leveraging Out-of-domain Self-supervision for Multi-modal Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 8
  14. 2023DomainForensics: Exposing Face Forgery across Domains via Bi-directional Adaptationcited by 8
  15. 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
  16. 2022An Overview of Recent Work in Media Forensics: Methods and Threatscited by 7
  17. 2022Hybrid Transformer Network for Deepfake Detectioncited by 6
  18. 2022Multi-Scale Wavelet Transformer for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 6
  19. 2023Self-Supervised Graph Transformer for Deepfake Detectioncited by 6
  20. 2023RetouchingFFHQ: A Large-scale Dataset for Fine-grained Face Retouching Detectioncited by 5
  21. 2023Robust Sequential DeepFake Detectioncited by 4
  22. 2025DevFD: Developmental Face Forgery Detection by Learning Shared and Orthogonal LoRA Subspacescited by 3
  23. 2022Robust Deepfake On Unrestricted Media: Generation And Detectioncited by 2
  24. 2023Deepfake Detection: A Comparative Analysiscited by 2
  25. 2023Building an Invisible Shield for Your Portrait against Deepfakescited by 1
  26. 2023DeepFidelity: Perceptual Forgery Fidelity Assessment for Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  27. 2024Exploring Depth Information for Detecting Manipulated Face Videoscited by 1
  28. 2025Beyond Deepfake vs Real: Facial Deepfake Detection in the Open-Set Paradigmcited by 1
  29. 2026VRAG-DFD: Verifiable Retrieval-Augmentation for MLLM-based Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  30. 2021Improved Detection of Face Presentation Attacks Using Image Decompositioncited by 0
  31. 2022Robust Boosting Forests with Richer Deep Feature Hierarchycited by 0
  32. 2022Exploring Depth Information for Face Manipulation Detectioncited by 0
  33. 2024Deep Learning Technology for Face Forgery Detection: A Surveycited by 0
  34. 2024A Hybrid Quantum-Classical AI-Based Detection Strategy for Generative Adversarial Network-Based Deepfake Attacks on an Autonomous Vehicle Traffic Sign Classification Systemcited by 0
  35. 2025Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systemscited by 0
  36. 2025AdaptPrompt: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of VLMs for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
  37. 2026Exploring Specular Reflection Inconsistency for Generalizable Face Forgery Detectioncited by 0
  38. 2026Tutor-Student Reinforcement Learning: A Dynamic Curriculum for Robust Deepfake Detectioncited by 0

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