mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TransQuest: Translation Quality Estimation with Cross-lingual Transformers

arXiv 2011.01536 ↗First posted 1 Nov 2020cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 59

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent years have seen big advances in the field of sentence-level quality estimation (QE), largely as a result of using neural-based architectures. However, the majority of these methods work only on the language pair they are trained on and need retraining for new language pairs. This process can prove difficult from a technical point of view and is usually computationally expensive. In this paper we propose a simple QE framework based on cross-lingual transformers, and we use it to implement and evaluate two different neural architectures. Our evaluation shows that the proposed methods achieve state-of-the-art results outperforming current open-source quality estimation frameworks when trained on datasets from WMT. In addition, the framework proves very useful in transfer learning settings, especially when dealing with low-resourced languages, allowing us to obtain very competitive results.

Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Nov 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 17; 2023: 11; 2024: 12; 2025: 6; 2026: 6.

59 papers.

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  1. 2022Quality-Aware Decoding for Neural Machine Translationcited by 49
  2. 2023Understanding and Detecting Hallucinations in Neural Machine Translation via Model Introspectioncited by 44
  3. 2022UniTE: Unified Translation Evaluationcited by 28
  4. 2023AfriMTE and AfriCOMET: Enhancing COMET to Embrace Under-resourced African Languagescited by 24
  5. 2021Translation Error Detection as Rationale Extractioncited by 22
  6. 2023Physician Detection of Clinical Harm in Machine Translation: Quality Estimation Aids in Reliance and Backtranslation Identifies Critical Errorscited by 22
  7. 2021An Exploratory Analysis of Multilingual Word-Level Quality Estimation with Cross-Lingual Transformerscited by 18
  8. 2022MENLI: Robust Evaluation Metrics from Natural Language Inferencecited by 18
  9. 2022T5Score: Discriminative Fine-tuning of Generative Evaluation Metricscited by 18
  10. 2022USCORE: An Effective Approach to Fully Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translationcited by 15
  11. 2022Towards Explainable Evaluation Metrics for Natural Language Generationcited by 15
  12. 2023The Inside Story: Towards Better Understanding of Machine Translation Neural Evaluation Metricscited by 15
38 more
  1. 2023Towards Explainable Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translationcited by 15
  2. 2024Don't Rank, Combine! Combining Machine Translation Hypotheses Using Quality Estimationcited by 13
  3. 2024From Handcrafted Features to LLMs: A Brief Survey for Machine Translation Quality Estimationcited by 10
  4. 2024MMTE: Corpus and Metrics for Evaluating Machine Translation Quality of Metaphorical Languagecited by 10
  5. 2022Disentangling Uncertainty in Machine Translation Evaluationcited by 9
  6. 2023Quality-Aware Translation Models: Efficient Generation and Quality Estimation in a Single Modelcited by 9
  7. 2024A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Modelscited by 9
  8. 2022Better Quality Estimation for Low Resource Corpus Miningcited by 8
  9. 2022Alibaba-Translate China's Submission for WMT 2022 Metrics Shared Taskcited by 7
  10. 2025When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languagescited by 7
  11. 2024What do Large Language Models Need for Machine Translation Evaluation?cited by 6
  12. 2021Knowledge Distillation for Quality Estimationcited by 5
  13. 2022Adam Mickiewicz University at WMT 2022: NER-Assisted and Quality-Aware Neural Machine Translationcited by 5
  14. 2021Pushing the Right Buttons: Adversarial Evaluation of Quality Estimationcited by 4
  15. 2023Tailoring Domain Adaptation for Machine Translation Quality Estimationcited by 4
  16. 2024Multi-Dimensional Machine Translation Evaluation: Model Evaluation and Resource for Koreancited by 4
  17. 2021TransWiC at SemEval-2021 Task 2: Transformer-based Multilingual and Cross-lingual Word-in-Context Disambiguationcited by 3
  18. 2021How should human translation coexist with NMT? Efficient tool for building high quality parallel corpuscited by 3
  19. 2022Alibaba-Translate China's Submission for WMT 2022 Quality Estimation Shared Taskcited by 3
  20. 2024Machine Translation Models are Zero-Shot Detectors of Translation Directioncited by 3
  21. 2022RMBR: A Regularized Minimum Bayes Risk Reranking Framework for Machine Translationcited by 2
  22. 2022Rethink about the Word-level Quality Estimation for Machine Translation from Human Judgementcited by 2
  23. 2022Original or Translated? On the Use of Parallel Data for Translation Quality Estimationcited by 2
  24. 2023KG-BERTScore: Incorporating Knowledge Graph into BERTScore for Reference-Free Machine Translation Evaluationcited by 2
  25. 2023"A Little is Enough": Few-Shot Quality Estimation based Corpus Filtering improves Machine Translationcited by 2
  26. 2024Textual Similarity as a Key Metric in Machine Translation Quality Estimationcited by 2
  27. 2025Penalizing Length: Uncovering Systematic Bias in Quality Estimation Metricscited by 2
  28. 2022Mismatching-Aware Unsupervised Translation Quality Estimation For Low-Resource Languagescited by 1
  29. 2023SurreyAI 2023 Submission for the Quality Estimation Shared Taskcited by 1
  30. 2024A Multi-task Learning Framework for Evaluating Machine Translation of Emotion-loaded User-generated Contentcited by 1
  31. 2025Enhancing Plagiarism Detection in Marathi with a Weighted Ensemble of TF-IDF and BERT Embeddings for Low-Resource Language Processingcited by 1
  32. 2025Automatically Generating Chinese Homophone Words to Probe Machine Translation Estimation Systemscited by 1
  33. 2026Parameter-Efficient Quality Estimation via Frozen Recursive Modelscited by 1
  34. 2026Pingala: Prosody-Aware Decoding for Sanskrit Poetry Generationcited by 1
  35. 2026Can We Triage LLM Translation Errors in Classical Texts Without Human References? Source Novelty, GEMBA Scoring, and Budgeted Review through Pali-to-English Translationcited by 1
  36. 2021Classification-based Quality Estimation: Small and Efficient Models for Real-world Applicationscited by 0
  37. 2022Approaching English-Polish Machine Translation Quality Assessment with Neural-based Methodscited by 0
  38. 2022BMX: Boosting Natural Language Generation Metrics with Explainabilitycited by 0

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