mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Six Attributes of Unhealthy Conversation

arXiv 2010.07410 ↗First posted 14 Oct 2020cs.CL cs.SIcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a new dataset of approximately 44000 comments labeled by crowdworkers. Each comment is labelled as either 'healthy' or 'unhealthy', in addition to binary labels for the presence of six potentially 'unhealthy' sub-attributes: (1) hostile; (2) antagonistic, insulting, provocative or trolling; (3) dismissive; (4) condescending or patronising; (5) sarcastic; and/or (6) an unfair generalisation. Each label also has an associated confidence score. We argue that there is a need for datasets which enable research based on a broad notion of 'unhealthy online conversation'. We build this typology to encompass a substantial proportion of the individual comments which contribute to unhealthy online conversation. For some of these attributes, this is the first publicly available dataset of this scale. We explore the quality of the dataset, present some summary statistics and initial models to illustrate the utility of this data, and highlight limitations and directions for further research.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Oct 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 3; 2023: 7; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.

19 papers.

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  1. 2023RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Eracited by 814
  2. 2021Dealing with Disagreements: Looking Beyond the Majority Vote in Subjective Annotationscited by 306
  3. 2023ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of nonecited by 204
  4. 2024Personalized Large Language Modelscited by 44
  5. 2021Understanding and Countering Stereotypes: A Computational Approach to the Stereotype Content Modelcited by 23
  6. 2023Taxi1500: A Multilingual Dataset for Text Classification in 1500 Languagescited by 23
  7. 2022Listening to Affected Communities to Define Extreme Speech: Dataset and Experimentscited by 21
  8. 2023Towards Agile Text Classifiers for Everyonecited by 13
  9. 2022DEPTWEET: A Typology for Social Media Texts to Detect Depression Severitiescited by 12
  10. 2024PEFT-U: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for User Personalizationcited by 11
  11. 2024Toxicity Classification in Ukrainiancited by 7
  12. 2021Predicting Different Types of Subtle Toxicity in Unhealthy Online Conversationscited by 5
7 more
  1. 2022ML_LTU at SemEval-2022 Task 4: T5 Towards Identifying Patronizing and Condescending Languagecited by 3
  2. 2023Tackling Fake News in Bengali: Unraveling the Impact of Summarization vs. Augmentation on Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 2
  3. 2023Towards a Unified Framework for Adaptable Problematic Content Detection via Continual Learningcited by 2
  4. 2023Towards Model-Based Data Acquisition for Subjective Multi-Task NLP Problemscited by 2
  5. 2025A Survey of Machine Learning Models and Datasets for the Multi-label Classification of Textual Hate Speech in Englishcited by 2
  6. 2026Article and Comment Frames Shape the Quality of Online Commentscited by 0
  7. 2026CIG: Measuring Conversational Information Gain in Deliberative Dialogues with Semantic Memory Dynamicscited by 0