Toxicity Classification in Ukrainian
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Abstract (arXiv)
The task of toxicity detection is still a relevant task, especially in the context of safe and fair LMs development. Nevertheless, labeled binary toxicity classification corpora are not available for all languages, which is understandable given the resource-intensive nature of the annotation process. Ukrainian, in particular, is among the languages lacking such resources. To our knowledge, there has been no existing toxicity classification corpus in Ukrainian. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by investigating cross-lingual knowledge transfer techniques and creating labeled corpora by: (i)~translating from an English corpus, (ii)~filtering toxic samples using keywords, and (iii)~annotating with crowdsourcing. We compare LLMs prompting and other cross-lingual transfer approaches with and without fine-tuning offering insights into the most robust and efficient baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2024.
Builds on
12 of 28 references.
References · 12
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- 2021Predicting Different Types of Subtle Toxicity in Unhealthy Online Conversationscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 7.
7 papers.
- 2025OMNIGUARD: An Efficient Approach for AI Safety Moderation Across Languages and Modalitiescited by 7
- 2025HPLT 3.0: Very Large-Scale Multilingual Resources for LLMs and MT. Mono- and Bi-lingual Data, Multilingual Evaluation, and Pre-Trained Modelscited by 7
- 2025Translate, then Detect: Leveraging Machine Translation for Cross-Lingual Toxicity Classificationcited by 4
- 2025Data-Efficient Hate Speech Detection via Cross-Lingual Nearest Neighbor Retrieval with Limited Labeled Datacited by 2
- 2025EmoBench-UA: A Benchmark Dataset for Emotion Detection in Ukrainiancited by 0
- 2025Web(er) of Hate: A Survey on How Hate Speech Is Typedcited by 0
- 2025Integrated Framework for LLM Evaluation with Answer Generationcited by 0
- 2025HPLT 3.0: Very Large-Scale Multilingual Resources for LLMs and MT. Mono- and Bi-lingual Data, Multilingual Evaluation, and Pre-Trained Models2 Nov 2025
- 2025Integrated Framework for LLM Evaluation with Answer Generation24 Sep 2025
- 2025Translate, then Detect: Leveraging Machine Translation for Cross-Lingual Toxicity Classification17 Sep 2025
- 2025Web(er) of Hate: A Survey on How Hate Speech Is Typed19 Jun 2025
- 2025OMNIGUARD: An Efficient Approach for AI Safety Moderation Across Languages and Modalities29 May 2025
- 2025EmoBench-UA: A Benchmark Dataset for Emotion Detection in Ukrainian29 May 2025
- 2025Data-Efficient Hate Speech Detection via Cross-Lingual Nearest Neighbor Retrieval with Limited Labeled Data20 May 2025