mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

POP909: A Pop-song Dataset for Music Arrangement Generation

arXiv 2008.07142 ↗First posted 17 Aug 2020cs.SD cs.IR cs.LGcited by 83

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Abstract (arXiv)

Music arrangement generation is a subtask of automatic music generation, which involves reconstructing and re-conceptualizing a piece with new compositional techniques. Such a generation process inevitably requires reference from the original melody, chord progression, or other structural information. Despite some promising models for arrangement, they lack more refined data to achieve better evaluations and more practical results. In this paper, we propose POP909, a dataset which contains multiple versions of the piano arrangements of 909 popular songs created by professional musicians. The main body of the dataset contains the vocal melody, the lead instrument melody, and the piano accompaniment for each song in MIDI format, which are aligned to the original audio files. Furthermore, we provide the annotations of tempo, beat, key, and chords, where the tempo curves are hand-labeled and others are done by MIR algorithms. Finally, we conduct several baseline experiments with this dataset using standard deep music generation algorithms.

Key facts. Cited by 83 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Aug 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 8; 2023: 10; 2024: 25; 2025: 22; 2026: 13.

83 papers.

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  1. 2024Symbolic Music Generation with Non-Differentiable Rule Guided Diffusioncited by 52
  2. 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Textcited by 50
  3. 2024VidMuse: A Simple Video-to-Music Generation Framework with Long-Short-Term Modelingcited by 39
  4. 2023Polyffusion: A Diffusion Model for Polyphonic Score Generation with Internal and External Controlscited by 35
  5. 2024MusicMagus: Zero-Shot Text-to-Music Editing via Diffusion Modelscited by 32
  6. 2021Controllable deep melody generation via hierarchical music structure representationcited by 30
  7. 2022Video Background Music Generation: Dataset, Method and Evaluationcited by 28
  8. 2024Whole-Song Hierarchical Generation of Symbolic Music Using Cascaded Diffusion Modelscited by 24
  9. 2025Training-Free Guidance Beyond Differentiability: Scalable Path Steering with Tree Search in Diffusion and Flow Modelscited by 23
  10. 2021DadaGP: A Dataset of Tokenized GuitarPro Songs for Sequence Modelscited by 20
  11. 2023Byte Pair Encoding for Symbolic Musiccited by 19
  12. 2024MuChin: A Chinese Colloquial Description Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models in the Field of Musiccited by 15
38 more
  1. 2024PDMX: A Large-Scale Public Domain MusicXML Dataset for Symbolic Music Processingcited by 15
  2. 2021BERT-like Pre-training for Symbolic Piano Music Classification Taskscited by 12
  3. 2024PianoBART: Symbolic Piano Music Generation and Understanding with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 12
  4. 2024Frechet Music Distance: A Metric For Generative Symbolic Music Evaluationcited by 12
  5. 2021Structure-Enhanced Pop Music Generation via Harmony-Aware Learningcited by 11
  6. 2022Pop2Piano : Pop Audio-based Piano Cover Generationcited by 10
  7. 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Surveycited by 10
  8. 2023Structured Multi-Track Accompaniment Arrangement via Style Prior Modellingcited by 9
  9. 2022YM2413-MDB: A Multi-Instrumental FM Video Game Music Dataset with Emotion Annotationscited by 7
  10. 2025The GigaMIDI Dataset with Features for Expressive Music Performance Detectioncited by 7
  11. 2021Audio-to-symbolic Arrangement via Cross-modal Music Representation Learningcited by 6
  12. 2023Msanii: High Fidelity Music Synthesis on a Shoestring Budgetcited by 6
  13. 2023Impact of time and note duration tokenizations on deep learning symbolic music modelingcited by 6
  14. 2024An Order-Complexity Aesthetic Assessment Model for Aesthetic-aware Music Recommendationcited by 6
  15. 2022Learning long-term music representations via hierarchical contextual constraintscited by 5
  16. 2022MeloForm: Generating Melody with Musical Form based on Expert Systems and Neural Networkscited by 5
  17. 2023N-Gram Unsupervised Compoundation and Feature Injection for Better Symbolic Music Understandingcited by 5
  18. 2024Structure-informed Positional Encoding for Music Generationcited by 5
  19. 2024Let Network Decide What to Learn: Symbolic Music Understanding Model Based on Large-scale Adversarial Pre-trainingcited by 5
  20. 2024Nested Music Transformer: Sequentially Decoding Compound Tokens in Symbolic Music and Audio Generationcited by 5
  21. 2022Melody Infilling with User-Provided Structural Contextcited by 4
  22. 2024Emotion-driven Piano Music Generation via Two-stage Disentanglement and Functional Representationcited by 4
  23. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Generative AI for Video-to-Music Generationcited by 4
  24. 2025Vision-to-Music Generation: A Surveycited by 4
  25. 2025A Survey on Music Generation from Single-Modal, Cross-Modal, and Multi-Modal Perspectivescited by 4
  26. 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectivescited by 3
  27. 2024Human-Centered LLM-Agent User Interface: A Position Papercited by 3
  28. 2024Unifying Symbolic Music Arrangement: Track-Aware Reconstruction and Structured Tokenizationcited by 3
  29. 2025Mamba-Diffusion Model with Learnable Wavelet for Controllable Symbolic Music Generationcited by 3
  30. 2025Generative Adversarial Post-Training Mitigates Reward Hacking in Live Human-AI Music Interactioncited by 3
  31. 2024MuDiT & MuSiT: Alignment with Colloquial Expression in Description-to-Song Generationcited by 2
  32. 2025F-StrIPE: Fast Structure-Informed Positional Encoding for Symbolic Music Generationcited by 2
  33. 2025Diffusion-based Symbolic Music Generation with Structured State Space Modelscited by 2
  34. 2025Pianist Transformer: Towards Expressive Piano Performance Rendering via Scalable Self-Supervised Pre-Trainingcited by 2
  35. 2025PhraseVAE and PhraseLDM: Latent Diffusion for Full-Song Multitrack Symbolic Music Generationcited by 2
  36. 2026BEAT: Tokenizing and Generating Symbolic Music by Uniform Temporal Stepscited by 2
  37. 2026SymphonyGen: 3D Hierarchical Orchestral Generation with Controllable Harmony Skeletoncited by 2
  38. 2023An Order-Complexity Model for Aesthetic Quality Assessment of Symbolic Homophony Music Scorescited by 1

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