Syntax-guided Controlled Generation of Paraphrases
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Abstract (arXiv)
Given a sentence (e.g., "I like mangoes") and a constraint (e.g., sentiment flip), the goal of controlled text generation is to produce a sentence that adapts the input sentence to meet the requirements of the constraint (e.g., "I hate mangoes"). Going beyond such simple constraints, recent works have started exploring the incorporation of complex syntactic-guidance as constraints in the task of controlled paraphrase generation. In these methods, syntactic-guidance is sourced from a separate exemplar sentence. However, these prior works have only utilized limited syntactic information available in the parse tree of the exemplar sentence. We address this limitation in the paper and propose Syntax Guided Controlled Paraphraser (SGCP), an end-to-end framework for syntactic paraphrase generation. We find that SGCP can generate syntax conforming sentences while not compromising on relevance. We perform extensive automated and human evaluations over multiple real-world English language datasets to demonstrate the efficacy of SGCP over state-of-the-art baselines. To drive future research, we have made SGCP's source code available
Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 9; 2023: 15; 2024: 8; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
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- 2021A Survey of Data Augmentation Approaches for NLPcited by 408
- 2023Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defensecited by 401
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validationcited by 91
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Taskscited by 73
- 2021Tailor: Generating and Perturbing Text with Semantic Controlscited by 67
- 2021Generating Syntactically Controlled Paraphrases without Using Annotated Parallel Pairscited by 45
- 2023Are Personalized Stochastic Parrots More Dangerous? Evaluating Persona Biases in Dialogue Systemscited by 37
- 2022On the Evaluation Metrics for Paraphrase Generationcited by 32
- 2023Impossible Distillation: from Low-Quality Model to High-Quality Dataset & Model for Summarization and Paraphrasingcited by 31
- 2022Novelty Controlled Paraphrase Generation with Retrieval Augmented Conditional Prompt Tuningcited by 25
- 2021Disentangling Semantics and Syntax in Sentence Embeddings with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 22
- 2021Factorising Meaning and Form for Intent-Preserving Paraphrasingcited by 22
35 more
- 2022Hierarchical Sketch Induction for Paraphrase Generationcited by 21
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 18
- 2022MVP: Multi-task Supervised Pre-training for Natural Language Generationcited by 16
- 2021Learning from Perturbations: Diverse and Informative Dialogue Generation with Inverse Adversarial Trainingcited by 13
- 2023ParaAMR: A Large-Scale Syntactically Diverse Paraphrase Dataset by AMR Back-Translationcited by 11
- 2023GDA: Generative Data Augmentation Techniques for Relation Extraction Taskscited by 10
- 2024Monotonic Paraphrasing Improves Generalization of Language Model Promptingcited by 10
- 2021Exemplars-guided Empathetic Response Generation Controlled by the Elements of Human Communicationcited by 9
- 2025Generative or Discriminative? Revisiting Text Classification in the Era of Transformerscited by 9
- 2023Explicit Syntactic Guidance for Neural Text Generationcited by 8
- 2021Contrastive Representation Learning for Exemplar-Guided Paraphrase Generationcited by 6
- 2022Striking a Balance: Alleviating Inconsistency in Pre-trained Models for Symmetric Classification Taskscited by 6
- 2022Principled Paraphrase Generation with Parallel Corporacited by 5
- 2023Reducing Sequence Length by Predicting Edit Operations with Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2022Unsupervised Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Generation with Abstract Meaning Representationscited by 4
- 2023PIP: Parse-Instructed Prefix for Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Generationcited by 4
- 2023"A Tale of Two Movements": Identifying and Comparing Perspectives in #BlackLivesMatter and #BlueLivesMatter Movements-related Tweets using Weakly Supervised Graph-based Structured Predictioncited by 4
- 2024A Data-Driven Guided Decoding Mechanism for Diagnostic Captioningcited by 4
- 2022TextBox 2.0: A Text Generation Library with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 3
- 2023Boosting Event Extraction with Denoised Structure-to-Text Augmentationcited by 3
- 2023Is it Possible to Modify Text to a Target Readability Level? An Initial Investigation Using Zero-Shot Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2024Parameter Efficient Diverse Paraphrase Generation Using Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillationcited by 3
- 2021Diversifying Neural Text Generation with Part-of-Speech Guided Softmax and Samplingcited by 2
- 2024Learning to Adapt to Low-Resource Paraphrase Generationcited by 2
- 2023Language as a Latent Sequence: deep latent variable models for semi-supervised paraphrase generationcited by 1
- 2023A Quality-based Syntactic Template Retriever for Syntactically-controlled Paraphrase Generationcited by 1
- 2024Task-Oriented Paraphrase Analyticscited by 1
- 2024Teaching Models to Improve on Tapecited by 1
- 2025SynDec: A Synthesize-then-Decode Approach for Arbitrary Textual Style Transfer via Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Analogical Structure, Minimal Contextual Cues and Contrastive Distractors: Input Design for Sample-Efficient Linguistic Rule Inductioncited by 1
- 2022Fine-Grained Emotional Paraphrasing along Emotion Gradientscited by 0
- 2024Action Controlled Paraphrasingcited by 0
- 2025Protecting De-identified Documents from Search-based Linkage Attackscited by 0
- 2026Text Detoxification in isiXhosa and Yor`ub'a: A Cross-Lingual Machine Learning Approach for Low-Resource African Languagescited by 0
- 2026Blackbird Language Matrices: A Framework to Investigate the Linguistic Competence of Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Blackbird Language Matrices: A Framework to Investigate the Linguistic Competence of Language Models24 Feb 2026
- 2026Text Detoxification in isiXhosa and Yor`ub'a: A Cross-Lingual Machine Learning Approach for Low-Resource African Languages9 Jan 2026
- 2025Analogical Structure, Minimal Contextual Cues and Contrastive Distractors: Input Design for Sample-Efficient Linguistic Rule Induction13 Nov 2025
- 2025Protecting De-identified Documents from Search-based Linkage Attacks7 Oct 2025
- 2025Generative or Discriminative? Revisiting Text Classification in the Era of Transformers13 Jun 2025
- 2025SynDec: A Synthesize-then-Decode Approach for Arbitrary Textual Style Transfer via Large Language Models19 May 2025
- 2024Learning to Adapt to Low-Resource Paraphrase Generation22 Dec 2024
- 2024Teaching Models to Improve on Tape3 Nov 2024
- 2024A Data-Driven Guided Decoding Mechanism for Diagnostic Captioning20 Jun 2024
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challenges24 May 2024
- 2024Action Controlled Paraphrasing18 May 2024
- 2024Parameter Efficient Diverse Paraphrase Generation Using Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation19 Apr 2024
35 more
- 2024Task-Oriented Paraphrase Analytics26 Mar 2024
- 2024Monotonic Paraphrasing Improves Generalization of Language Model Prompting24 Mar 2024
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Tasks23 Oct 2023
- 2023A Quality-based Syntactic Template Retriever for Syntactically-controlled Paraphrase Generation20 Oct 2023
- 2023"A Tale of Two Movements": Identifying and Comparing Perspectives in #BlackLivesMatter and #BlueLivesMatter Movements-related Tweets using Weakly Supervised Graph-based Structured Prediction11 Oct 2023
- 2023Are Personalized Stochastic Parrots More Dangerous? Evaluating Persona Biases in Dialogue Systems8 Oct 2023
- 2023Is it Possible to Modify Text to a Target Readability Level? An Initial Investigation Using Zero-Shot Large Language Models22 Sep 2023
- 2023Explicit Syntactic Guidance for Neural Text Generation20 Jun 2023
- 2023PIP: Parse-Instructed Prefix for Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Generation26 May 2023
- 2023GDA: Generative Data Augmentation Techniques for Relation Extraction Tasks26 May 2023
- 2023Impossible Distillation: from Low-Quality Model to High-Quality Dataset & Model for Summarization and Paraphrasing26 May 2023
- 2023ParaAMR: A Large-Scale Syntactically Diverse Paraphrase Dataset by AMR Back-Translation26 May 2023
- 2023Reducing Sequence Length by Predicting Edit Operations with Large Language Models19 May 2023
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validation19 May 2023
- 2023Boosting Event Extraction with Denoised Structure-to-Text Augmentation16 May 2023
- 2023Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense23 Mar 2023
- 2023Language as a Latent Sequence: deep latent variable models for semi-supervised paraphrase generation5 Jan 2023
- 2022TextBox 2.0: A Text Generation Library with Pre-trained Language Models26 Dec 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Generation with Abstract Meaning Representations2 Nov 2022
- 2022Fine-Grained Emotional Paraphrasing along Emotion Gradients30 Oct 2022
- 2022MVP: Multi-task Supervised Pre-training for Natural Language Generation24 Jun 2022
- 2022Principled Paraphrase Generation with Parallel Corpora24 May 2022
- 2022Striking a Balance: Alleviating Inconsistency in Pre-trained Models for Symmetric Classification Tasks25 Mar 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Sketch Induction for Paraphrase Generation7 Mar 2022
- 2022On the Evaluation Metrics for Paraphrase Generation17 Feb 2022
- 2022Novelty Controlled Paraphrase Generation with Retrieval Augmented Conditional Prompt Tuning1 Feb 2022
- 2021Contrastive Representation Learning for Exemplar-Guided Paraphrase Generation3 Sep 2021
- 2021Tailor: Generating and Perturbing Text with Semantic Controls15 Jul 2021
- 2021Exemplars-guided Empathetic Response Generation Controlled by the Elements of Human Communication22 Jun 2021
- 2021Learning from Perturbations: Diverse and Informative Dialogue Generation with Inverse Adversarial Training31 May 2021
- 2021Factorising Meaning and Form for Intent-Preserving Paraphrasing31 May 2021
- 2021Diversifying Neural Text Generation with Part-of-Speech Guided Softmax and Sampling8 May 2021
- 2021A Survey of Data Augmentation Approaches for NLP7 May 2021
- 2021Disentangling Semantics and Syntax in Sentence Embeddings with Pre-trained Language Models11 Apr 2021
- 2021Generating Syntactically Controlled Paraphrases without Using Annotated Parallel Pairs26 Jan 2021
- 2021A Survey of Data Augmentation Approaches for NLPcited by 408
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validationcited by 91
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Taskscited by 73
- 2021Tailor: Generating and Perturbing Text with Semantic Controlscited by 67
- 2021Generating Syntactically Controlled Paraphrases without Using Annotated Parallel Pairscited by 45
- 2023Are Personalized Stochastic Parrots More Dangerous? Evaluating Persona Biases in Dialogue Systemscited by 37
- 2022On the Evaluation Metrics for Paraphrase Generationcited by 32
- 2023Impossible Distillation: from Low-Quality Model to High-Quality Dataset & Model for Summarization and Paraphrasingcited by 31
- 2021Disentangling Semantics and Syntax in Sentence Embeddings with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 22
- 2021Factorising Meaning and Form for Intent-Preserving Paraphrasingcited by 22
- 2022Hierarchical Sketch Induction for Paraphrase Generationcited by 21
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 18
12 most cited of 45 All 45 (JSON)
- 2026Blackbird Language Matrices: A Framework to Investigate the Linguistic Competence of Language Models24 Feb 2026
- 2026Text Detoxification in isiXhosa and Yor`ub'a: A Cross-Lingual Machine Learning Approach for Low-Resource African Languages9 Jan 2026
- 2025Analogical Structure, Minimal Contextual Cues and Contrastive Distractors: Input Design for Sample-Efficient Linguistic Rule Induction13 Nov 2025
- 2025Protecting De-identified Documents from Search-based Linkage Attacks7 Oct 2025
- 2025Generative or Discriminative? Revisiting Text Classification in the Era of Transformers13 Jun 2025
- 2025SynDec: A Synthesize-then-Decode Approach for Arbitrary Textual Style Transfer via Large Language Models19 May 2025
- 2024Learning to Adapt to Low-Resource Paraphrase Generation22 Dec 2024
- 2024Teaching Models to Improve on Tape3 Nov 2024
- 2024A Data-Driven Guided Decoding Mechanism for Diagnostic Captioning20 Jun 2024
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challenges24 May 2024
- 2024Action Controlled Paraphrasing18 May 2024
- 2024Parameter Efficient Diverse Paraphrase Generation Using Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation19 Apr 2024
12 newest of 45 All 45 (JSON)