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A Graph to Graphs Framework for Retrosynthesis Prediction

arXiv 2003.12725 ↗First posted 28 Mar 2020cs.LG stat.MLcited by 85

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Abstract (arXiv)

A fundamental problem in computational chemistry is to find a set of reactants to synthesize a target molecule, a.k.a. retrosynthesis prediction. Existing state-of-the-art methods rely on matching the target molecule with a large set of reaction templates, which are very computationally expensive and also suffer from the problem of coverage. In this paper, we propose a novel template-free approach called G2Gs by transforming a target molecular graph into a set of reactant molecular graphs. G2Gs first splits the target molecular graph into a set of synthons by identifying the reaction centers, and then translates the synthons to the final reactant graphs via a variational graph translation framework. Experimental results show that G2Gs significantly outperforms existing template-free approaches by up to 63% in terms of the top-1 accuracy and achieves a performance close to that of state-of-the-art template based approaches, but does not require domain knowledge and is much more scalable.

Key facts. Cited by 85 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 19; 2023: 21; 2024: 13; 2025: 12; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2022Graph neural networks for materials science and chemistrycited by 181
  2. 2021Self-supervised Graph-level Representation Learning with Local and Global Structurecited by 125
  3. 2022Molecular Geometry Pretraining with SE(3)-Invariant Denoising Distance Matchingcited by 67
  4. 2021Permutation invariant graph-to-sequence model for template-free retrosynthesis and reaction predictioncited by 66
  5. 2021An End-to-End Framework for Molecular Conformation Generation via Bilevel Programmingcited by 59
  6. 2021Local Augmentation for Graph Neural Networkscited by 52
  7. 2022Root-aligned SMILES: A Tight Representation for Chemical Reaction Predictioncited by 49
  8. 2022TorchDrug: A Powerful and Flexible Machine Learning Platform for Drug Discoverycited by 45
  9. 2023RetroBridge: Modeling Retrosynthesis with Markov Bridgescited by 35
  10. 2023ChatGPT-powered Conversational Drug Editing Using Retrieval and Domain Feedbackcited by 30
  11. 2023Distributional GFlowNets with Quantile Flowscited by 28
  12. 2021Dual-view Molecule Pre-trainingcited by 27
38 more
  1. 2021Self-Improved Retrosynthetic Planningcited by 23
  2. 2022RetroGraph: Retrosynthetic Planning with Graph Searchcited by 23
  3. 2023Symmetry-Informed Geometric Representation for Molecules, Proteins, and Crystalline Materialscited by 22
  4. 2022Graph Neural Networks for Moleculescited by 21
  5. 2023Domain-Agnostic Molecular Generation with Chemical Feedbackcited by 21
  6. 2024ReactXT: Understanding Molecular "Reaction-ship" via Reaction-Contextualized Molecule-Text Pretrainingcited by 19
  7. 2021Semi-Supervised Graph-to-Graph Translationcited by 18
  8. 2022Interpreting Unfairness in Graph Neural Networks via Training Node Attributioncited by 18
  9. 2021Non-Autoregressive Electron Redistribution Modeling for Reaction Predictioncited by 17
  10. 2023Retrosynthesis Prediction with Local Template Retrievalcited by 15
  11. 2023Models Matter: The Impact of Single-Step Retrosynthesis on Synthesis Planningcited by 15
  12. 2022FusionRetro: Molecule Representation Fusion via In-Context Learning for Retrosynthetic Planningcited by 14
  13. 2021Modern Hopfield Networks for Few- and Zero-Shot Reaction Template Predictioncited by 13
  14. 2021RetroComposer: Composing Templates for Template-Based Retrosynthesis Predictioncited by 13
  15. 2022SemiRetro: Semi-template framework boosts deep retrosynthesis predictioncited by 13
  16. 2022Molecule Generation for Drug Design: a Graph Learning Perspectivecited by 13
  17. 2025LLM-Augmented Chemical Synthesis and Design Decision Programscited by 13
  18. 2025AOT*: Efficient Synthesis Planning via LLM-Empowered AND-OR Tree Searchcited by 13
  19. 2024DirectMultiStep: Direct Route Generation for Multistep Retrosynthesiscited by 11
  20. 2023Deep Learning Methods for Small Molecule Drug Discovery: A Surveycited by 10
  21. 2023Node-Aligned Graph-to-Graph (NAG2G): Elevating Template-Free Deep Learning Approaches in Single-Step Retrosynthesiscited by 9
  22. 2023Predictive Chemistry Augmented with Text Retrievalcited by 9
  23. 2024BatGPT-Chem: A Foundation Large Model For Retrosynthesis Predictioncited by 9
  24. 2022Retroformer: Pushing the Limits of Interpretable End-to-end Retrosynthesis Transformercited by 8
  25. 2022MARS: A Motif-based Autoregressive Model for Retrosynthesis Predictioncited by 8
  26. 2023RetroDiff: Retrosynthesis as Multi-stage Distribution Interpolationcited by 7
  27. 2024Equivariant Denoisers Cannot Copy Graphs: Align Your Graph Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  28. 2021RetCL: A Selection-based Approach for Retrosynthesis via Contrastive Learningcited by 6
  29. 2022Efficient and Accurate Physics-aware Multiplex Graph Neural Networks for 3D Small Molecules and Macromolecule Complexescited by 6
  30. 2023Knowledge-augmented Graph Machine Learning for Drug Discovery: A Surveycited by 6
  31. 2024UAlign: Pushing the Limit of Template-free Retrosynthesis Prediction with Unsupervised SMILES Alignmentcited by 6
  32. 2024Preference Optimization for Molecule Synthesis with Conditional Residual Energy-based Modelscited by 6
  33. 2022G2GT: Retrosynthesis Prediction with Graph to Graph Attention Neural Network and Self-Trainingcited by 5
  34. 2023Recent advances in artificial intelligence for retrosynthesiscited by 5
  35. 2023RCsearcher: Reaction Center Identification in Retrosynthesis via Deep Q-Learningcited by 5
  36. 2024Retrosynthesis prediction enhanced by in-silico reaction data augmentationcited by 5
  37. 2024Evaluating Molecule Synthesizability via Retrosynthetic Planning and Reaction Predictioncited by 5
  38. 2022mathsfG2Retro as a Two-Step Graph Generative Models for Retrosynthesis Predictioncited by 4

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