mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Offensive Language Identification in Greek

arXiv 2003.07459 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2020cs.CLcited by 49

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Abstract (arXiv)

As offensive language has become a rising issue for online communities and social media platforms, researchers have been investigating ways of coping with abusive content and developing systems to detect its different types: cyberbullying, hate speech, aggression, etc. With a few notable exceptions, most research on this topic so far has dealt with English. This is mostly due to the availability of language resources for English. To address this shortcoming, this paper presents the first Greek annotated dataset for offensive language identification: the Offensive Greek Tweet Dataset (OGTD). OGTD is a manually annotated dataset containing 4,779 posts from Twitter annotated as offensive and not offensive. Along with a detailed description of the dataset, we evaluate several computational models trained and tested on this data.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 21; 2022: 7; 2023: 4; 2024: 10; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.

49 papers.

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  1. 2024CultureLLM: Incorporating Cultural Differences into Large Language Modelscited by 49
  2. 2021Overview of the HASOC track at FIRE 2020: Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in Indo-European Languagescited by 38
  3. 2021Detecting Harmful Content On Online Platforms: What Platforms Need Vs. Where Research Efforts Gocited by 32
  4. 2021MUDES: Multilingual Detection of Offensive Spanscited by 30
  5. 2021Cross-lingual Offensive Language Identification for Low Resource Languages: The Case of Marathicited by 28
  6. 2021A systematic review of Hate Speech automatic detection using Natural Language Processingcited by 26
  7. 2021Multilingual Offensive Language Identification for Low-resource Languagescited by 22
  8. 2022Hate Speech and Offensive Language Detection in Bengalicited by 19
  9. 2021Overview of the HASOC Subtrack at FIRE 2021: Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English and Indo-Aryan Languagescited by 17
  10. 2021LightTag: Text Annotation Platformcited by 16
  11. 2021HateBR: A Large Expert Annotated Corpus of Brazilian Instagram Comments for Offensive Language and Hate Speech Detectioncited by 15
  12. 2021Multi-granular Legal Topic Classification on Greek Legislationcited by 15
37 more
  1. 2022HateCheckHIn: Evaluating Hindi Hate Speech Detection Modelscited by 15
  2. 2021An Exploratory Analysis of the Relation Between Offensive Language and Mental Healthcited by 14
  3. 2022BD-SHS: A Benchmark Dataset for Learning to Detect Online Bangla Hate Speech in Different Social Contextscited by 14
  4. 2023Offensive Language Identification in Transliterated and Code-Mixed Banglacited by 12
  5. 2021Comparing Approaches to Dravidian Language Identificationcited by 11
  6. 2021Exploring Transformer Based Models to Identify Hate Speech and Offensive Content in English and Indo-Aryan Languagescited by 9
  7. 2021Hate-Alert@DravidianLangTech-EACL2021: Ensembling strategies for Transformer-based Offensive language Detectioncited by 8
  8. 2024NLP for The Greek Language: A Longer Surveycited by 8
  9. 2021Contextual-Lexicon Approach for Abusive Language Detectioncited by 7
  10. 2021WLV-RIT at SemEval-2021 Task 5: A Neural Transformer Framework for Detecting Toxic Spanscited by 6
  11. 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance for Multilingual and Emoji-based Hate Speech Detectioncited by 6
  12. 2022Predicting the Type and Target of Offensive Social Media Posts in Marathicited by 5
  13. 2021Transformers to Fight the COVID-19 Infodemiccited by 4
  14. 2021Towards Offensive Language Identification for Tamil Code-Mixed YouTube Comments and Postscited by 4
  15. 2022Offensive Language Detection in Under-resourced Algerian Dialectal Arabic Languagecited by 4
  16. 2021TransWiC at SemEval-2021 Task 2: Transformer-based Multilingual and Cross-lingual Word-in-Context Disambiguationcited by 3
  17. 2021WLV-RIT at GermEval 2021: Multitask Learning with Transformers to Detect Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Commentscited by 3
  18. 2022Zero-shot Visual Commonsense Immorality Predictioncited by 2
  19. 2022SOLD: Sinhala Offensive Language Datasetcited by 2
  20. 2024Cross-lingual Offensive Language Detection: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Transfer Approaches and Challengescited by 2
  21. 2024MasonPerplexity at Multimodal Hate Speech Event Detection 2024: Hate Speech and Target Detection Using Transformer Ensemblescited by 2
  22. 2024A Survey on Automatic Online Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
  23. 2024A Federated Approach to Few-Shot Hate Speech Detection for Marginalized Communitiescited by 2
  24. 2025K/DA: Automated Data Generation Pipeline for Detoxifying Implicitly Offensive Language in Koreancited by 2
  25. 2021MIPT-NSU-UTMN at SemEval-2021 Task 5: Ensembling Learning with Pre-trained Language Models for Toxic Spans Detectioncited by 1
  26. 2024If there's a Trigger Warning, then where's the Trigger? Investigating Trigger Warnings at the Passage Levelcited by 1
  27. 2024A Systematic Survey of Natural Language Processing for the Greek Languagecited by 1
  28. 2025Open or Closed LLM for Lesser-Resourced Languages? Lessons from Greekcited by 1
  29. 2025Culture Matters in Toxic Language Detection in Persiancited by 1
  30. 2023Facilitating NSFW Text Detection in Open-Domain Dialogue Systems via Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
  31. 2023Textual Toxicity in Social Media: Understanding the Bangla Toxic Language Expressed in Facebook Commentcited by 0
  32. 2024What is the social benefit of hate speech detection research? A Systematic Reviewcited by 0
  33. 2024A Multi-Task Text Classification Pipeline with Natural Language Explanations: A User-Centric Evaluation in Sentiment Analysis and Offensive Language Identification in Greek Tweetscited by 0
  34. 2025SMAB: MAB based word Sensitivity Estimation Framework and its Applications in Adversarial Text Generationcited by 0
  35. 2025Web(er) of Hate: A Survey on How Hate Speech Is Typedcited by 0
  36. 2025Defining, Understanding, and Detecting Online Toxicity: Challenges and Machine Learning Approachescited by 0
  37. 2026NLP Privacy Risk Identification in Social Media (NLP-PRISM): A Surveycited by 0