mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Exploring Transformer Based Models to Identify Hate Speech and Offensive Content in English and Indo-Aryan Languages

arXiv 2111.13974 ↗First posted 27 Nov 2021cs.CLcited by 9

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Abstract (arXiv)

Hate speech is considered to be one of the major issues currently plaguing online social media. Repeated and repetitive exposure to hate speech has been shown to create physiological effects on the target users. Thus, hate speech, in all its forms, should be addressed on these platforms in order to maintain good health. In this paper, we explored several Transformer based machine learning models for the detection of hate speech and offensive content in English and Indo-Aryan languages at FIRE 2021. We explore several models such as mBERT, XLMR-large, XLMR-base by team name "Super Mario". Our models came 2nd position in Code-Mixed Data set (Macro F1: 0.7107), 2nd position in Hindi two-class classification(Macro F1: 0.7797), 4th in English four-class category (Macro F1: 0.8006) and 12th in English two-class category (Macro F1: 0.6447).

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Nov 2021.

Builds on

13 of 31 references.

References · 13

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  5. 2017Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Languagecited by 724
  6. 2020HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detectioncited by 403
  7. 2015A Primer on Neural Network Models for Natural Language Processingcited by 75
  8. 2018Spread of hate speech in online social mediacited by 59
  9. 2020Offensive Language Identification in Greekcited by 49
  10. 2019Offensive Language and Hate Speech Detection for Danishcited by 48
  11. 2021Cross-lingual Offensive Language Identification for Low Resource Languages: The Case of Marathicited by 28
  12. 2021You too Brutus! Trapping Hateful Users in Social Media: Challenges, Solutions & Insightscited by 11
1 more
  1. 2020CUSATNLP@HASOC-Dravidian-CodeMix-FIRE2020:Identifying Offensive Language from ManglishTweetscited by 2

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 6; 2023: 1; 2024: 1.

9 papers.

  1. 2022Multilingual HateCheck: Functional Tests for Multilingual Hate Speech Detection Modelscited by 51
  2. 2022Data Bootstrapping Approaches to Improve Low Resource Abusive Language Detection for Indic Languagescited by 23
  3. 2021Overview of the HASOC Subtrack at FIRE 2021: Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English and Indo-Aryan Languagescited by 17
  4. 2022Data-Efficient Strategies for Expanding Hate Speech Detection into Under-Resourced Languagescited by 7
  5. 2023Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance for Multilingual and Emoji-based Hate Speech Detectioncited by 6
  6. 2022Which one is more toxic? Findings from Jigsaw Rate Severity of Toxic Commentscited by 4
  7. 2022Hypothesis Engineering for Zero-Shot Hate Speech Detectioncited by 3
  8. 2022hate-alert@DravidianLangTech-ACL2022: Ensembling Multi-Modalities for Tamil TrollMeme Classificationcited by 2
  9. 2024InfFeed: Influence Functions as a Feedback to Improve the Performance of Subjective Taskscited by 1