Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection via Adaptive Pseudo-Labeling
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D object detection is an important task in computer vision. Most existing methods require a large number of high-quality 3D annotations, which are expensive to collect. Especially for outdoor scenes, the problem becomes more severe due to the sparseness of the point cloud and the complexity of urban scenes. Semi-supervised learning is a promising technique to mitigate the data annotation issue. Inspired by this, we propose a novel semi-supervised framework based on pseudo-labeling for outdoor 3D object detection tasks. We design the Adaptive Class Confidence Selection module (ACCS) to generate high-quality pseudo-labels. Besides, we propose Holistic Point Cloud Augmentation (HPCA) for unlabeled data to improve robustness. Experiments on the KITTI benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2021.
Builds on
21 of 29 references.
References · 21
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
- 2016Temporal Ensembling for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 1,054
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
- 2017Virtual Adversarial Training: A Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 918
- 20173D Semantic Segmentation with Submanifold Sparse Convolutional Networkscited by 746
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2019PIXOR: Real-time 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 358
- 2017Joint 3D Proposal Generation and Object Detection from View Aggregationcited by 325
- 2019Label Propagation for Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 287
- 2020A Simple Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Object Detectioncited by 282
- 2015Semi-Supervised Learning with Ladder Networkscited by 246
9 more
- 2020ImVoteNet: Boosting 3D Object Detection in Point Clouds with Image Votescited by 119
- 2019SESS: Self-Ensembling Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 89
- 2021Context-Aware Mixup for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 79
- 2020DMT: Dynamic Mutual Training for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 77
- 2020Uncertainty-Aware Consistency Regularization for Cross-Domain Semantic Segmentationcited by 45
- 2019VoteNet: A Deep Learning Label Fusion Method for Multi-Atlas Segmentationcited by 44
- 2021Self-Adversarial Disentangling for Specific Domain Adaptationcited by 29
- 2020Computer Stereo Vision for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2020Dynamic Object Tracking and Masking for Visual SLAMcited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 2.
14 papers.
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- 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 81
- 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
- 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 20
- 2024BA-SAM: Scalable Bias-Mode Attention Mask for Segment Anything Modelcited by 15
- 2023Diverse Target and Contribution Scheduling for Domain Generalizationcited by 10
- 2024Hardness-Aware Scene Synthesis for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Beyond the Label Itself: Latent Labels Enhance Semi-supervised Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentationcited by 6
- 2023Not Every Side Is Equal: Localization Uncertainty Estimation for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Modelscited by 4
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectivescited by 4
- 2022Boosting Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection with Semi-Samplingcited by 3
- 2024PC2: Pseudo-Classification Based Pseudo-Captioning for Noisy Correspondence Learning in Cross-Modal Retrievalcited by 3
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives24 Mar 2025
- 2025JiSAM: Alleviate Labeling Burden and Corner Case Problems in Autonomous Driving via Minimal Real-World Data11 Mar 2025
- 2024Source-Free Test-Time Adaptation For Online Surface-Defect Detection18 Aug 2024
- 2024PC2: Pseudo-Classification Based Pseudo-Captioning for Noisy Correspondence Learning in Cross-Modal Retrieval2 Aug 2024
- 2024Hardness-Aware Scene Synthesis for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection27 May 2024
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Models27 May 2024
- 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofing28 Mar 2024
- 2024BA-SAM: Scalable Bias-Mode Attention Mask for Segment Anything Model4 Jan 2024
- 2023Not Every Side Is Equal: Localization Uncertainty Estimation for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection16 Dec 2023
- 2023Beyond the Label Itself: Latent Labels Enhance Semi-supervised Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentation13 Dec 2023
- 2023Diverse Target and Contribution Scheduling for Domain Generalization28 Sep 2023
- 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detection4 Mar 2023
2 more
- 2022Boosting Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection with Semi-Sampling14 Nov 2022
- 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofing20 Jul 2022
- 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 81
- 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
- 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 20
- 2024BA-SAM: Scalable Bias-Mode Attention Mask for Segment Anything Modelcited by 15
- 2023Diverse Target and Contribution Scheduling for Domain Generalizationcited by 10
- 2024Hardness-Aware Scene Synthesis for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Beyond the Label Itself: Latent Labels Enhance Semi-supervised Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentationcited by 6
- 2023Not Every Side Is Equal: Localization Uncertainty Estimation for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Modelscited by 4
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectivescited by 4
- 2022Boosting Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection with Semi-Samplingcited by 3
- 2024PC2: Pseudo-Classification Based Pseudo-Captioning for Noisy Correspondence Learning in Cross-Modal Retrievalcited by 3
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives24 Mar 2025
- 2025JiSAM: Alleviate Labeling Burden and Corner Case Problems in Autonomous Driving via Minimal Real-World Data11 Mar 2025
- 2024Source-Free Test-Time Adaptation For Online Surface-Defect Detection18 Aug 2024
- 2024PC2: Pseudo-Classification Based Pseudo-Captioning for Noisy Correspondence Learning in Cross-Modal Retrieval2 Aug 2024
- 2024Hardness-Aware Scene Synthesis for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection27 May 2024
- 2024Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Models27 May 2024
- 2024Test-Time Domain Generalization for Face Anti-Spoofing28 Mar 2024
- 2024BA-SAM: Scalable Bias-Mode Attention Mask for Segment Anything Model4 Jan 2024
- 2023Not Every Side Is Equal: Localization Uncertainty Estimation for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection16 Dec 2023
- 2023Beyond the Label Itself: Latent Labels Enhance Semi-supervised Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentation13 Dec 2023
- 2023Diverse Target and Contribution Scheduling for Domain Generalization28 Sep 2023
- 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detection4 Mar 2023
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)