The Garden of Forking Paths: Towards Multi-Future Trajectory Prediction
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper studies the problem of predicting the distribution over multiple possible future paths of people as they move through various visual scenes. We make two main contributions. The first contribution is a new dataset, created in a realistic 3D simulator, which is based on real world trajectory data, and then extrapolated by human annotators to achieve different latent goals. This provides the first benchmark for quantitative evaluation of the models to predict multi-future trajectories. The second contribution is a new model to generate multiple plausible future trajectories, which contains novel designs of using multi-scale location encodings and convolutional RNNs over graphs. We refer to our model as Multiverse. We show that our model achieves the best results on our dataset, as well as on the real-world VIRAT/ActEV dataset (which just contains one possible future).
Key facts. Cited by 72 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Dec 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 21; 2022: 18; 2023: 12; 2024: 7; 2025: 7; 2026: 7.
72 papers.
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- 2021DenseTNT: End-to-end Trajectory Prediction from Dense Goal Setscited by 292
- 2022Wayformer: Motion Forecasting via Simple & Efficient Attention Networkscited by 279
- 2021MultiPath++: Efficient Information Fusion and Trajectory Aggregation for Behavior Predictioncited by 246
- 2021MP3: A Unified Model to Map, Perceive, Predict and Plancited by 211
- 2022Stochastic Trajectory Prediction via Motion Indeterminacy Diffusioncited by 184
- 2021HOME: Heatmap Output for future Motion Estimationcited by 122
- 2021SGCN:Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 97
- 2023EqMotion: Equivariant Multi-agent Motion Prediction with Invariant Interaction Reasoningcited by 97
- 2022Human Trajectory Prediction via Neural Social Physicscited by 66
- 2021MG-GAN: A Multi-Generator Model Preventing Out-of-Distribution Samples in Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 61
- 2021Trajectory Prediction with Latent Belief Energy-Based Modelcited by 60
- 2021On Exposing the Challenging Long Tail in Future Prediction of Traffic Actorscited by 48
38 more
- 2021Three Steps to Multimodal Trajectory Prediction: Modality Clustering, Classification and Synthesiscited by 46
- 2022Non-Probability Sampling Network for Stochastic Human Trajectory Predictioncited by 46
- 2021View Vertically: A Hierarchical Network for Trajectory Prediction via Fourier Spectrumscited by 44
- 2022Learning Pedestrian Group Representations for Multi-modal Trajectory Predictioncited by 44
- 2023EigenTrajectory: Low-Rank Descriptors for Multi-Modal Trajectory Forecastingcited by 41
- 2022JFP: Joint Future Prediction with Interactive Multi-Agent Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 40
- 2022Graph-based Spatial Transformer with Memory Replay for Multi-future Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 36
- 2024SingularTrajectory: Universal Trajectory Predictor Using Diffusion Modelcited by 35
- 2024Can Language Beat Numerical Regression? Language-Based Multimodal Trajectory Predictioncited by 31
- 2022Goal-driven Self-Attentive Recurrent Networks for Trajectory Predictioncited by 28
- 2022Dynamic-Group-Aware Networks for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Relational Reasoningcited by 28
- 2022Quo Vadis: Is Trajectory Forecasting the Key Towards Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking?cited by 28
- 2022End-to-End Trajectory Distribution Prediction Based on Occupancy Grid Mapscited by 22
- 2024MART: MultiscAle Relational Transformer Networks for Multi-agent Trajectory Predictioncited by 21
- 2021MSN: Multi-Style Network for Trajectory Predictioncited by 19
- 2022CSCNet: Contextual Semantic Consistency Network for Trajectory Prediction in Crowded Spacescited by 18
- 2021Unlimited Neighborhood Interaction for Heterogeneous Trajectory Predictioncited by 17
- 2021Egocentric Human Trajectory Forecasting with a Wearable Camera and Multi-Modal Fusioncited by 17
- 2023Unsupervised Sampling Promoting for Stochastic Human Trajectory Predictioncited by 17
- 2023Joint Metrics Matter: A Better Standard for Trajectory Forecastingcited by 17
- 2023Synchronize Feature Extracting and Matching: A Single Branch Framework for 3D Object Trackingcited by 16
- 2021Safety-aware Motion Prediction with Unseen Vehicles for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2023Another Vertical View: A Hierarchical Network for Heterogeneous Trajectory Prediction via Spectrumscited by 14
- 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directionscited by 14
- 2022Safety-compliant Generative Adversarial Networks for Human Trajectory Forecastingcited by 12
- 2024From Cognition to Precognition: A Future-Aware Framework for Social Navigationcited by 10
- 2022Pishgu: Universal Path Prediction Network Architecture for Real-time Cyber-physical Edge Systemscited by 9
- 2025BP-SGCN: Behavioral Pseudo-Label Informed Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian and Heterogeneous Trajectory Predictioncited by 9
- 2022Under the Hood of Transformer Networks for Trajectory Forecastingcited by 8
- 2023Vision-based Multi-future Trajectory Prediction: A Surveycited by 8
- 2025Diverse Controllable Diffusion Policy with Signal Temporal Logiccited by 8
- 2025Continuous Locomotive Crowd Behavior Generationcited by 7
- 2023Staged Contact-Aware Global Human Motion Forecastingcited by 6
- 2023TBD Pedestrian Data Collection: Towards Rich, Portable, and Large-Scale Natural Pedestrian Datacited by 5
- 2021Indoor Future Person Localization from an Egocentric Wearable Cameracited by 4
- 2021Multi-Camera Trajectory Forecasting with Trajectory Tensorscited by 4
- 2021Hierarchical Motion Encoder-Decoder Network for Trajectory Forecastingcited by 4
- 2022T2FPV: Dataset and Method for Correcting First-Person View Errors in Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 4
50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)
- 2026TSCA-Net: Temporal-Spatial Clique Attention for Interpretable Multimodal Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction11 Jul 2026
- 2026LLM-Empowered Multimodal Fusion Framework for Autonomous Driving: Semantic Enhancement and Channel-Adaptive Design2 Jul 2026
- 2026SVI-Bench: A Dynamic Microworld for Strategic Video Intelligence29 May 2026
- 2026Encore: Conditioning Trajectory Forecasting via Biased Ego Rehearsals12 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertainties31 Mar 2026
- 2026EgoGroups: A Benchmark For Detecting Social Groups of People in the Wild23 Mar 2026
- 2026AGMA: Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Anchors for Prior-Guided Multimodal Human Trajectory Forecasting4 Feb 2026
- 2025Reverberation: Learning the Latencies Before Forecasting Trajectories14 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning to Navigate Socially Through Proactive Risk Perception9 Oct 2025
- 2025A Trajectory Generator for High-Density Traffic and Diverse Agent-Interaction Scenarios3 Oct 2025
- 2025Continuous Locomotive Crowd Behavior Generation7 Apr 2025
- 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions5 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2025Diverse Controllable Diffusion Policy with Signal Temporal Logic4 Mar 2025
- 2025BP-SGCN: Behavioral Pseudo-Label Informed Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian and Heterogeneous Trajectory Prediction20 Feb 2025
- 2024From Cognition to Precognition: A Future-Aware Framework for Social Navigation20 Sep 2024
- 2024MART: MultiscAle Relational Transformer Networks for Multi-agent Trajectory Prediction31 Jul 2024
- 2024TrajPRed: Trajectory Prediction with Region-based Relation Learning10 Apr 2024
- 2024SingularTrajectory: Universal Trajectory Predictor Using Diffusion Model27 Mar 2024
- 2024Can Language Beat Numerical Regression? Language-Based Multimodal Trajectory Prediction27 Mar 2024
- 2024GoalNet: Goal Areas Oriented Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction29 Feb 2024
- 2024ROME: Robust Multi-Modal Density Estimator19 Jan 2024
- 2023GSGFormer: Generative Social Graph Transformer for Multimodal Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction7 Dec 2023
- 2023TBD Pedestrian Data Collection: Towards Rich, Portable, and Large-Scale Natural Pedestrian Data29 Sep 2023
- 2023Staged Contact-Aware Global Human Motion Forecasting16 Sep 2023
- 2023Synchronize Feature Extracting and Matching: A Single Branch Framework for 3D Object Tracking24 Aug 2023
- 2023EigenTrajectory: Low-Rank Descriptors for Multi-Modal Trajectory Forecasting18 Jul 2023
- 2023Online Sequence Clustering Algorithm for Video Trajectory Analysis15 May 2023
- 2023Joint Metrics Matter: A Better Standard for Trajectory Forecasting10 May 2023
- 2023Another Vertical View: A Hierarchical Network for Heterogeneous Trajectory Prediction via Spectrums11 Apr 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Sampling Promoting for Stochastic Human Trajectory Prediction9 Apr 2023
- 2023EqMotion: Equivariant Multi-agent Motion Prediction with Invariant Interaction Reasoning20 Mar 2023
- 2023A POV-based Highway Vehicle Trajectory Dataset and Prediction Architecture10 Mar 2023
- 2023Vision-based Multi-future Trajectory Prediction: A Survey21 Feb 2023
- 2022JFP: Joint Future Prediction with Interactive Multi-Agent Modeling for Autonomous Driving16 Dec 2022
- 2022Pishgu: Universal Path Prediction Network Architecture for Real-time Cyber-physical Edge Systems14 Oct 2022
- 2022Quo Vadis: Is Trajectory Forecasting the Key Towards Long-Term Multi-Object Tracking?14 Oct 2022
- 2022EgoSpeed-Net: Forecasting Speed-Control in Driver Behavior from Egocentric Video Data27 Sep 2022
- 2022Safety-compliant Generative Adversarial Networks for Human Trajectory Forecasting25 Sep 2022
- 2022T2FPV: Dataset and Method for Correcting First-Person View Errors in Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction22 Sep 2022
- 2022Human Trajectory Prediction via Neural Social Physics21 Jul 2022
- 2022Learning Pedestrian Group Representations for Multi-modal Trajectory Prediction20 Jul 2022
- 2022Wayformer: Motion Forecasting via Simple & Efficient Attention Networks12 Jul 2022
- 2022Dynamic-Group-Aware Networks for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Relational Reasoning27 Jun 2022
- 2022Graph-based Spatial Transformer with Memory Replay for Multi-future Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction12 Jun 2022
- 2022Goal-driven Self-Attentive Recurrent Networks for Trajectory Prediction25 Apr 2022
- 2022End-to-End Trajectory Distribution Prediction Based on Occupancy Grid Maps31 Mar 2022
- 2022Stochastic Trajectory Prediction via Motion Indeterminacy Diffusion25 Mar 2022
- 2022Non-Probability Sampling Network for Stochastic Human Trajectory Prediction25 Mar 2022
- 2022Under the Hood of Transformer Networks for Trajectory Forecasting22 Mar 2022
- 2022Towards Rich, Portable, and Large-Scale Pedestrian Data Collection3 Mar 2022
50 newest of 72 All 72 (JSON)
- 2021DenseTNT: End-to-end Trajectory Prediction from Dense Goal Setscited by 292
- 2021MultiPath++: Efficient Information Fusion and Trajectory Aggregation for Behavior Predictioncited by 246
- 2021MP3: A Unified Model to Map, Perceive, Predict and Plancited by 211
- 2022Stochastic Trajectory Prediction via Motion Indeterminacy Diffusioncited by 184
- 2021HOME: Heatmap Output for future Motion Estimationcited by 122
- 2021SGCN:Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 97
- 2023EqMotion: Equivariant Multi-agent Motion Prediction with Invariant Interaction Reasoningcited by 97
- 2022Human Trajectory Prediction via Neural Social Physicscited by 66
- 2021MG-GAN: A Multi-Generator Model Preventing Out-of-Distribution Samples in Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 61
- 2021Trajectory Prediction with Latent Belief Energy-Based Modelcited by 60
- 2021On Exposing the Challenging Long Tail in Future Prediction of Traffic Actorscited by 48
- 2021Three Steps to Multimodal Trajectory Prediction: Modality Clustering, Classification and Synthesiscited by 46
12 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2026TSCA-Net: Temporal-Spatial Clique Attention for Interpretable Multimodal Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction11 Jul 2026
- 2026Encore: Conditioning Trajectory Forecasting via Biased Ego Rehearsals12 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Trajectory Prediction: A Unified Framework Harnessing Positional and Semantic Uncertainties31 Mar 2026
- 2026EgoGroups: A Benchmark For Detecting Social Groups of People in the Wild23 Mar 2026
- 2026AGMA: Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Anchors for Prior-Guided Multimodal Human Trajectory Forecasting4 Feb 2026
- 2025Reverberation: Learning the Latencies Before Forecasting Trajectories14 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning to Navigate Socially Through Proactive Risk Perception9 Oct 2025
- 2025A Trajectory Generator for High-Density Traffic and Diverse Agent-Interaction Scenarios3 Oct 2025
- 2025Continuous Locomotive Crowd Behavior Generation7 Apr 2025
- 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions5 Mar 2025
- 2025BP-SGCN: Behavioral Pseudo-Label Informed Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian and Heterogeneous Trajectory Prediction20 Feb 2025
- 2024From Cognition to Precognition: A Future-Aware Framework for Social Navigation20 Sep 2024
12 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)