Vision-Language Navigation with Self-Supervised Auxiliary Reasoning Tasks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) is a task where agents learn to navigate following natural language instructions. The key to this task is to perceive both the visual scene and natural language sequentially. Conventional approaches exploit the vision and language features in cross-modal grounding. However, the VLN task remains challenging, since previous works have neglected the rich semantic information contained in the environment (such as implicit navigation graphs or sub-trajectory semantics). In this paper, we introduce Auxiliary Reasoning Navigation (AuxRN), a framework with four self-supervised auxiliary reasoning tasks to take advantage of the additional training signals derived from the semantic information. The auxiliary tasks have four reasoning objectives: explaining the previous actions, estimating the navigation progress, predicting the next orientation, and evaluating the trajectory consistency. As a result, these additional training signals help the agent to acquire knowledge of semantic representations in order to reason about its activity and build a thorough perception of the environment. Our experiments indicate that auxiliary reasoning tasks improve both the performance of the main task and the model generalizability by a large margin. Empirically, we demonstrate that an agent trained with self-supervised auxiliary reasoning tasks substantially outperforms the previous state-of-the-art method, being the best existing approach on the standard benchmark.
Key facts. Cited by 177 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Nov 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 2; 2021: 38; 2022: 29; 2023: 38; 2024: 31; 2025: 23; 2026: 16.
177 papers.
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- 2021How Much Can CLIP Benefit Vision-and-Language Tasks?cited by 321
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Modelscited by 274
- 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 268
- 2021A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Taskscited by 256
- 2023Diffusion-based Generation, Optimization, and Planning in 3D Scenescited by 237
- 2023A Survey on Self-supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trendscited by 205
- 2023Point-Bind & Point-LLM: Aligning Point Cloud with Multi-modality for 3D Understanding, Generation, and Instruction Followingcited by 192
- 2022Think Global, Act Local: Dual-scale Graph Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 187
- 2022VLP: A Survey on Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 159
- 2021Episodic Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 155
- 2022Multi-View Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 138
- 2020Language-Conditioned Imitation Learning for Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 136
38 more
- 2023Towards Learning a Generalist Model for Embodied Navigationcited by 135
- 2021Airbert: In-domain Pretraining for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 129
- 2021FILM: Following Instructions in Language with Modular Methodscited by 119
- 2021SOON: Scenario Oriented Object Navigation with Graph-based Explorationcited by 118
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigationcited by 117
- 2022BEVBert: Multimodal Map Pre-training for Language-guided Navigationcited by 117
- 2022Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 116
- 2023Scaling Data Generation in Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 115
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 96
- 2021Structured Scene Memory for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 95
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Multi-Granularity Map Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 86
- 2022What Makes Convolutional Models Great on Long Sequence Modeling?cited by 86
- 2022EnvEdit: Environment Editing for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 83
- 2023DREAMWALKER: Mental Planning for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 82
- 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Today and Tomorrow: A Survey in the Era of Foundation Modelscited by 79
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoningcited by 77
- 2023Bird's-Eye-View Scene Graph for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 71
- 2021Vision-Language Navigation with Random Environmental Mixupcited by 70
- 2023ViewRefer: Grasp the Multi-view Knowledge for 3D Visual Grounding with GPT and Prototype Guidancecited by 70
- 2024Volumetric Environment Representation for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 63
- 2022A Dataset for Interactive Vision-Language Navigation with Unknown Command Feasibilitycited by 61
- 2023A2Nav: Action-Aware Zero-Shot Robot Navigation by Exploiting Vision-and-Language Ability of Foundation Modelscited by 61
- 2021The Road to Know-Where: An Object-and-Room Informed Sequential BERT for Indoor Vision-Language Navigationcited by 60
- 2024Open-Nav: Exploring Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environment with Open-Source LLMscited by 60
- 2022Target-Driven Structured Transformer Planner for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 58
- 2021SOAT: A Scene- and Object-Aware Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 53
- 2021Neighbor-view Enhanced Model for Vision and Language Navigationcited by 50
- 2022Counterfactual Cycle-Consistent Learning for Instruction Following and Generation in Vision-Language Navigationcited by 50
- 2021Scene-Intuitive Agent for Remote Embodied Visual Groundingcited by 49
- 2021SASRA: Semantically-aware Spatio-temporal Reasoning Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 48
- 2023Learning Vision-and-Language Navigation from YouTube Videoscited by 47
- 2022ADAPT: Vision-Language Navigation with Modality-Aligned Action Promptscited by 45
- 2022Multi-Modal Cross-Domain Alignment Network for Video Moment Retrievalcited by 43
- 2023Statler: State-Maintaining Language Models for Embodied Reasoningcited by 40
- 2023Learning Navigational Visual Representations with Semantic Map Supervisioncited by 40
- 2023Towards Natural Language-Guided Drones: GeoText-1652 Benchmark with Spatial Relation Matchingcited by 40
- 2024TOD3Cap: Towards 3D Dense Captioning in Outdoor Scenescited by 40
- 2021UPDeT: Universal Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning via Policy Decoupling with Transformerscited by 39
50 most cited of 177 All 177 (JSON)
- 2026Query, Align, and Distill: Navigation-Aware Cross-Modal Interaction for Efficient Vision-and-Language Navigation27 Sep 2026
- 2026FINE: Future-Informed Navigation Encoding for Data-Efficient Vision-Language Navigation26 Sep 2026
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026ActiveFly-Bench: Aligning Embodied Question Answering with Vision-Language-Action for Aerial Embodied Perception11 Jul 2026
- 2026A Comprehensive Survey and Systematic Real-World Evaluation of Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation9 Jul 2026
- 2026GroundControl: Anticipating Navigation Failures in Vision-Language Agents via Trajectory-Consistent Uncertainty Estimates18 Jun 2026
- 2026AgenticNav: Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation as a Tool-Calling Harness9 Jun 2026
- 20263D Gaussian Map with Open-Set Semantic Grouping for Vision-Language Navigation26 May 2026
- 2026SpaAct: Spatially-Activated Transition Learning with Curriculum Adaptation for Vision-Language Navigation30 Apr 2026
- 2026Where Did It Go Wrong? Capability-Oriented Failure Attribution for Vision-and-Language Navigation Agents28 Apr 2026
- 2026Environmental Understanding Vision-Language Model for Embodied Agent21 Apr 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Diversity-Driven Robust Vision-and-Language Navigation16 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026Global Commander and Local Operative: A Dual-Agent Framework for Scene Navigation21 Feb 2026
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigation20 Feb 2026
- 2026Fly0: Persistent Metric Anchoring for Zero-Shot Aerial Vision-Language Navigation2 Feb 2026
- 2026SpatialNav: Leveraging Spatial Scene Graphs for Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation11 Jan 2026
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2025STRIDER: Navigation via Instruction-Aligned Structural Decision Space Optimization27 Oct 2025
- 2025Embodied Navigation with Auxiliary Task of Action Description Prediction21 Oct 2025
- 2025NavQ: Learning a Q-Model for Foresighted Vision-and-Language Navigation18 Oct 2025
- 2025Advancing Audio-Visual Navigation Through Multi-Agent Collaboration in 3D Environments21 Sep 2025
- 2025Morae: Proactively Pausing UI Agents for User Choices29 Aug 2025
- 2025NavComposer: Composing Language Instructions for Navigation Trajectories through Action-Scene-Object Modularization15 Jul 2025
- 2025Real-Time Progress Prediction in Reasoning Language Models29 Jun 2025
- 2025iLearnRobot: An Interactive Learning-Based Multi-Modal Robot with Continuous Improvement25 Jun 2025
- 2025Weakly-supervised VLM-guided Partial Contrastive Learning for Visual Language Navigation18 Jun 2025
- 2025Generating Vision-Language Navigation Instructions Incorporated Fine-Grained Alignment Annotations10 Jun 2025
- 2025EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoning2 Jun 2025
- 2025Cross from Left to Right Brain: Adaptive Text Dreamer for Vision-and-Language Navigation27 May 2025
- 2025CoNav: Collaborative Cross-Modal Reasoning for Embodied Navigation22 May 2025
- 2025DOPE: Dual Object Perception-Enhancement Network for Vision-and-Language Navigation30 Apr 2025
- 2025Think Hierarchically, Act Dynamically: Hierarchical Multi-modal Fusion and Reasoning for Vision-and-Language Navigation23 Apr 2025
- 2025NaviDiffusor: Cost-Guided Diffusion Model for Visual Navigation14 Apr 2025
- 2025AerialVG: A Challenging Benchmark for Aerial Visual Grounding by Exploring Positional Relations10 Apr 2025
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Vision3 Apr 2025
- 2025Unseen from Seen: Rewriting Observation-Instruction Using Foundation Models for Augmenting Vision-Language Navigation23 Mar 2025
- 2025HA-VLN 2.0: An Open Benchmark and Leaderboard for Human-Aware Navigation in Discrete and Continuous Environments with Dynamic Multi-Human Interactions18 Mar 2025
- 2025UrbanVideo-Bench: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models on Embodied Intelligence with Video Data in Urban Spaces8 Mar 2025
- 2025Knowing Your Target: Target-Aware Transformer Makes Better Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding16 Feb 2025
- 2024Modality-Inconsistent Continual Learning of Multimodal Large Language Models17 Dec 2024
- 2024SAME: Learning Generic Language-Guided Visual Navigation with State-Adaptive Mixture of Experts7 Dec 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Navigation with Energy-Based Policy18 Oct 2024
- 2024Boosting Weakly-Supervised Referring Image Segmentation via Progressive Comprehension2 Oct 2024
- 2024Open-Nav: Exploring Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environment with Open-Source LLMs27 Sep 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Navigation with Continual Learning4 Sep 2024
- 2024Narrowing the Gap between Vision and Action in Navigation19 Aug 2024
- 2024Navigating Beyond Instructions: Vision-and-Language Navigation in Obstructed Environments31 Jul 2024
- 2024HAPFI: History-Aware Planning based on Fused Information23 Jul 2024
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Models17 Jul 2024
- 2024PRET: Planning with Directed Fidelity Trajectory for Vision and Language Navigation16 Jul 2024
50 newest of 177 All 177 (JSON)
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Modelscited by 274
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 96
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoningcited by 77
- 2023Multimodality Representation Learning: A Survey on Evolution, Pretraining and Its Applicationscited by 27
- 2024MC-GPT: Empowering Vision-and-Language Navigation with Memory Map and Reasoning Chainscited by 25
- 2025CoNav: Collaborative Cross-Modal Reasoning for Embodied Navigationcited by 5
- 2023From Wrong To Right: A Recursive Approach Towards Vision-Language Explanationcited by 4
- 2025EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoningcited by 4
- 2024Hierarchical Spatial Proximity Reasoning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 2
- 2025Real-Time Progress Prediction in Reasoning Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Environmental Understanding Vision-Language Model for Embodied Agentcited by 0
- 2026Environmental Understanding Vision-Language Model for Embodied Agent21 Apr 2026
- 2025Real-Time Progress Prediction in Reasoning Language Models29 Jun 2025
- 2025EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoning2 Jun 2025
- 2025CoNav: Collaborative Cross-Modal Reasoning for Embodied Navigation22 May 2025
- 2024NavGPT-2: Unleashing Navigational Reasoning Capability for Large Vision-Language Models17 Jul 2024
- 2024MC-GPT: Empowering Vision-and-Language Navigation with Memory Map and Reasoning Chains17 May 2024
- 2024Hierarchical Spatial Proximity Reasoning for Vision-and-Language Navigation18 Mar 2024
- 2024NavCoT: Boosting LLM-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation via Learning Disentangled Reasoning12 Mar 2024
- 2023From Wrong To Right: A Recursive Approach Towards Vision-Language Explanation21 Nov 2023
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Models26 May 2023
- 2023Multimodality Representation Learning: A Survey on Evolution, Pretraining and Its Applications1 Feb 2023
- 2022VLP: A Survey on Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 159
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Visioncited by 37
- 2025UrbanVideo-Bench: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models on Embodied Intelligence with Video Data in Urban Spacescited by 33
- 2024Modality-Inconsistent Continual Learning of Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigationcited by 6
- 2026AgenticNav: Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation as a Tool-Calling Harnesscited by 6
- 2026AgenticNav: Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation as a Tool-Calling Harness9 Jun 2026
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigation20 Feb 2026
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Vision3 Apr 2025
- 2025UrbanVideo-Bench: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models on Embodied Intelligence with Video Data in Urban Spaces8 Mar 2025
- 2024Modality-Inconsistent Continual Learning of Multimodal Large Language Models17 Dec 2024
- 2022VLP: A Survey on Vision-Language Pre-training18 Feb 2022
- 2020Language-Conditioned Imitation Learning for Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 136
- 2021FILM: Following Instructions in Language with Modular Methodscited by 119
- 2020Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Natural Language Goalscited by 20
- 2024Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation With Offline RLcited by 5
- 2022Teachable Reinforcement Learning via Advice Distillationcited by 2
- 2024Scaling Vision-and-Language Navigation With Offline RL27 Mar 2024
- 2022Teachable Reinforcement Learning via Advice Distillation19 Mar 2022
- 2021FILM: Following Instructions in Language with Modular Methods12 Oct 2021
- 2020Language-Conditioned Imitation Learning for Robot Manipulation Tasks22 Oct 2020
- 2020Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Natural Language Goals16 Aug 2020
- 2021Pathdreamer: A World Model for Indoor Navigationcited by 117
- 2023DREAMWALKER: Mental Planning for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 82
- 2023Statler: State-Maintaining Language Models for Embodied Reasoningcited by 40
- 2021How Much Can CLIP Benefit Vision-and-Language Tasks?cited by 321
- 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 268
- 2021A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Taskscited by 256
- 2023A Survey on Self-supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trendscited by 205
- 2023Point-Bind & Point-LLM: Aligning Point Cloud with Multi-modality for 3D Understanding, Generation, and Instruction Followingcited by 192
- 2022Think Global, Act Local: Dual-scale Graph Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 187
- 2021Episodic Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 155
- 2022Multi-View Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 138
- 2023Towards Learning a Generalist Model for Embodied Navigationcited by 135
- 2021Airbert: In-domain Pretraining for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 129
- 2021SOON: Scenario Oriented Object Navigation with Graph-based Explorationcited by 118
- 2022BEVBert: Multimodal Map Pre-training for Language-guided Navigationcited by 117
12 most cited of 143 All 143 (JSON)
- 2026Query, Align, and Distill: Navigation-Aware Cross-Modal Interaction for Efficient Vision-and-Language Navigation27 Sep 2026
- 2026FINE: Future-Informed Navigation Encoding for Data-Efficient Vision-Language Navigation26 Sep 2026
- 2026ActiveFly-Bench: Aligning Embodied Question Answering with Vision-Language-Action for Aerial Embodied Perception11 Jul 2026
- 2026A Comprehensive Survey and Systematic Real-World Evaluation of Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation9 Jul 2026
- 20263D Gaussian Map with Open-Set Semantic Grouping for Vision-Language Navigation26 May 2026
- 2026SpaAct: Spatially-Activated Transition Learning with Curriculum Adaptation for Vision-Language Navigation30 Apr 2026
- 2026Where Did It Go Wrong? Capability-Oriented Failure Attribution for Vision-and-Language Navigation Agents28 Apr 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Diversity-Driven Robust Vision-and-Language Navigation16 Mar 2026
- 2026Fly0: Persistent Metric Anchoring for Zero-Shot Aerial Vision-Language Navigation2 Feb 2026
- 2026SpatialNav: Leveraging Spatial Scene Graphs for Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation11 Jan 2026
- 2025STRIDER: Navigation via Instruction-Aligned Structural Decision Space Optimization27 Oct 2025
- 2025Embodied Navigation with Auxiliary Task of Action Description Prediction21 Oct 2025
12 newest of 143 All 143 (JSON)