Synthesizing Coupled 3D Face Modalities by Trunk-Branch Generative Adversarial Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Generating realistic 3D faces is of high importance for computer graphics and computer vision applications. Generally, research on 3D face generation revolves around linear statistical models of the facial surface. Nevertheless, these models cannot represent faithfully either the facial texture or the normals of the face, which are very crucial for photo-realistic face synthesis. Recently, it was demonstrated that Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be used for generating high-quality textures of faces. Nevertheless, the generation process either omits the geometry and normals, or independent processes are used to produce 3D shape information. In this paper, we present the first methodology that generates high-quality texture, shape, and normals jointly, which can be used for photo-realistic synthesis. To do so, we propose a novel GAN that can generate data from different modalities while exploiting their correlations. Furthermore, we demonstrate how we can condition the generation on the expression and create faces with various facial expressions. The qualitative results shown in this paper are compressed due to size limitations, full-resolution results and the accompanying video can be found in the supplementary documents. The code and models are available at the project page: https://github.com/barisgecer/TBGAN.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 7; 2023: 12; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
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- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Modelscited by 59
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
- 2023FitMe: Deep Photorealistic 3D Morphable Model Avatarscited by 38
- 2022Text and Image Guided 3D Avatar Generation and Manipulationcited by 35
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Modelscited by 34
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 33
- 2023High-Fidelity 3D Face Generation from Natural Language Descriptionscited by 32
- 2022Facial Geometric Detail Recovery via Implicit Representationcited by 27
- 2023Towards Realistic Generative 3D Face Modelscited by 20
- 2021Inverting Generative Adversarial Renderer for Face Reconstructioncited by 17
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidancecited by 16
- 20213D Shape Variational Autoencoder Latent Disentanglement via Mini-Batch Feature Swapping for Bodies and Facescited by 15
22 more
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Texturescited by 13
- 2021Simulated Adversarial Testing of Face Recognition Modelscited by 10
- 20223DMM-RF: Convolutional Radiance Fields for 3D Face Modelingcited by 10
- 2023PoseExaminer: Automated Testing of Out-of-Distribution Robustness in Human Pose and Shape Estimationcited by 10
- 2022Controllable 3D Generative Adversarial Face Model via Disentangling Shape and Appearancecited by 8
- 2024Fast Text-to-3D-Aware Face Generation and Manipulation via Direct Cross-modal Mapping and Geometric Regularizationcited by 8
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategycited by 7
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Posescited by 7
- 20233D Generative Model Latent Disentanglement via Local Eigenprojectioncited by 6
- 2023FitDiff: Robust monocular 3D facial shape and reflectance estimation using Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2024ID-to-3D: Expressive ID-guided 3D Heads via Score Distillation Samplingcited by 5
- 2022Physically-Based Face Rendering for NIR-VIS Face Recognitioncited by 3
- 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Mapcited by 2
- 20243D-aware Image Generation and Editing with Multi-modal Conditionscited by 2
- 2026REFA: Real-time Egocentric Facial Animations for Virtual Realitycited by 1
- 2022Efficient Hair Style Transfer with Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 0
- 20233D Face Arbitrary Style Transfercited by 0
- 2023IFaceUV: Intuitive Motion Facial Image Generation by Identity Preservation via UV mapcited by 0
- 2023Latent Disentanglement in Mesh Variational Autoencoders Improves the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Syndromes and Aids Surgical Planningcited by 0
- 2023MUNCH: Modelling Unique 'N Controllable Headscited by 0
- 2025Geometry-Aware Texture Generation for 3D Head Modeling with Artist-driven Controlcited by 0
- 2026REFA: Real-time Egocentric Facial Animations for Virtual Reality7 Jan 2026
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Poses25 Aug 2025
- 2025Geometry-Aware Texture Generation for 3D Head Modeling with Artist-driven Control7 May 2025
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategy21 Mar 2025
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidance9 Jan 2025
- 2024ID-to-3D: Expressive ID-guided 3D Heads via Score Distillation Sampling26 May 2024
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstruction30 Mar 2024
- 2024Fast Text-to-3D-Aware Face Generation and Manipulation via Direct Cross-modal Mapping and Geometric Regularization11 Mar 2024
- 20243D-aware Image Generation and Editing with Multi-modal Conditions11 Mar 2024
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Textures20 Jan 2024
- 2023FitDiff: Robust monocular 3D facial shape and reflectance estimation using Diffusion Models7 Dec 2023
- 2023MUNCH: Modelling Unique 'N Controllable Heads4 Oct 2023
22 more
- 2023Latent Disentanglement in Mesh Variational Autoencoders Improves the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Syndromes and Aids Surgical Planning5 Sep 2023
- 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Map25 Aug 2023
- 2023IFaceUV: Intuitive Motion Facial Image Generation by Identity Preservation via UV map8 Jun 2023
- 2023FitMe: Deep Photorealistic 3D Morphable Model Avatars16 May 2023
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Models10 May 2023
- 2023High-Fidelity 3D Face Generation from Natural Language Descriptions5 May 2023
- 2023Towards Realistic Generative 3D Face Models24 Apr 2023
- 20233D Face Arbitrary Style Transfer14 Mar 2023
- 2023PoseExaminer: Automated Testing of Out-of-Distribution Robustness in Human Pose and Shape Estimation13 Mar 2023
- 20233D Generative Model Latent Disentanglement via Local Eigenprojection24 Feb 2023
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Models2 Dec 2022
- 2022Physically-Based Face Rendering for NIR-VIS Face Recognition11 Nov 2022
- 2022Efficient Hair Style Transfer with Generative Adversarial Networks22 Oct 2022
- 20223DMM-RF: Convolutional Radiance Fields for 3D Face Modeling15 Sep 2022
- 2022Controllable 3D Generative Adversarial Face Model via Disentangling Shape and Appearance30 Aug 2022
- 2022Facial Geometric Detail Recovery via Implicit Representation18 Mar 2022
- 2022Text and Image Guided 3D Avatar Generation and Manipulation12 Feb 2022
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANs11 Dec 2021
- 20213D Shape Variational Autoencoder Latent Disentanglement via Mini-Batch Feature Swapping for Bodies and Faces24 Nov 2021
- 2021Simulated Adversarial Testing of Face Recognition Models8 Jun 2021
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction16 May 2021
- 2021Inverting Generative Adversarial Renderer for Face Reconstruction6 May 2021
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Modelscited by 34
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Texturescited by 13
- 2023FitDiff: Robust monocular 3D facial shape and reflectance estimation using Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2024UltrAvatar: A Realistic Animatable 3D Avatar Diffusion Model with Authenticity Guided Textures20 Jan 2024
- 2023FitDiff: Robust monocular 3D facial shape and reflectance estimation using Diffusion Models7 Dec 2023
- 2023Relightify: Relightable 3D Faces from a Single Image via Diffusion Models10 May 2023
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Modelscited by 59
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
- 2023FitMe: Deep Photorealistic 3D Morphable Model Avatarscited by 38
- 2022Text and Image Guided 3D Avatar Generation and Manipulationcited by 35
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 33
- 2023High-Fidelity 3D Face Generation from Natural Language Descriptionscited by 32
- 2022Facial Geometric Detail Recovery via Implicit Representationcited by 27
- 2023Towards Realistic Generative 3D Face Modelscited by 20
- 2021Inverting Generative Adversarial Renderer for Face Reconstructioncited by 17
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidancecited by 16
- 20213D Shape Variational Autoencoder Latent Disentanglement via Mini-Batch Feature Swapping for Bodies and Facescited by 15
- 2021Simulated Adversarial Testing of Face Recognition Modelscited by 10
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026REFA: Real-time Egocentric Facial Animations for Virtual Reality7 Jan 2026
- 2025FastAvatar: Instant 3D Gaussian Splatting for Faces from Single Unconstrained Poses25 Aug 2025
- 2025Geometry-Aware Texture Generation for 3D Head Modeling with Artist-driven Control7 May 2025
- 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategy21 Mar 2025
- 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidance9 Jan 2025
- 2024ID-to-3D: Expressive ID-guided 3D Heads via Score Distillation Sampling26 May 2024
- 2024Monocular Identity-Conditioned Facial Reflectance Reconstruction30 Mar 2024
- 2024Fast Text-to-3D-Aware Face Generation and Manipulation via Direct Cross-modal Mapping and Geometric Regularization11 Mar 2024
- 20243D-aware Image Generation and Editing with Multi-modal Conditions11 Mar 2024
- 2023MUNCH: Modelling Unique 'N Controllable Heads4 Oct 2023
- 2023Latent Disentanglement in Mesh Variational Autoencoders Improves the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Syndromes and Aids Surgical Planning5 Sep 2023
- 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Map25 Aug 2023
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)